HUBS1403 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Covalent Bond, Bicarbonate, Ion
8 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Organisation Of Matter
Matter
• Anything that occupies space
• Spans 39 orders of magnitude in the universe
o From 10-15m (subatomic particles)
o To 1024m (stellar superclusters)
• Biological matter spans 12 orders of magnitude
o From 10-10m (molecules)
o To 102m (organisms)
All matter is composed of elements
• Unique substances
• Cannot be broken down into smaller substances by chemical means
• 92 naturally occurring
Main chemical elements in the body are
• Oxygen (O) - 65%
• Carbon © - 18.5%
• Hydrogen (H) - 9.5%
• Nitrogen (N) - 3.2%
Lesser elements:
- Calcium (Ca)
- Phosphorus (P)
- Potassium (K)
- Sulphur (S)
- Sodium (Na)
- Chlorine (Cl)
- Magnesium (Mg)
- Iron (Fe)
Elements and Atoms
Elements
• Cannot be split by chemical means
• Composed of atoms
• Only one type of atom per element
Atoms
• Smallest component of an element that retains properties of that element
• Have unique properties due to number of protons, neutrons and electrons
Subatomic particles
Particle
Mass (AMU)
Charge
Location
Proton
1
+1
Nucleus
Neutron
1
0
Nucleus
Electron
0.0005
-1
Orbiting nucleus
Atomic number - number of protons
Mass number
• number of protons and neutrons
• The number of neutrons in an atoms may vary
o Hydrogen atoms
• Usually contain 1 proton orbited by 1 electron
• May also contain 1 neutrons (deuterium 2H) or 2 neutrons (tritium 3H)
Atomic weight - exact mass of all particles (daltons)
Document Summary
Spans 39 orders of magnitude in the universe: from 10-15m (subatomic particles, to 1024m (stellar superclusters, biological matter spans 12 orders of magnitude, from 10-10m (molecules, to 102m (organisms) All matter is composed of elements: unique substances, cannot be broken down into smaller substances by chemical means, 92 naturally occurring. Main chemical elements in the body are: oxygen (o) - 65, carbon - 18. 5, hydrogen (h) - 9. 5, nitrogen (n) - 3. 2% Elements: cannot be split by chemical means, composed of atoms, only one type of atom per element. Smallest component of an element that retains properties of that element: have unique properties due to number of protons, neutrons and electrons. Mass number number of protons and neutrons: the number of neutrons in an atoms may vary, hydrogen atoms. Orbiting nucleus: usually contain 1 proton orbited by 1 electron, may also contain 1 neutrons (deuterium 2h) or 2 neutrons (tritium 3h) Atomic weight - exact mass of all particles (daltons)
