BIOL103 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Cell Division, Cytokinesis, Mitosis

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6 Aug 2018

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Cell cycle control and cancer: failure to control the cell cycle can lead to cancer i. e. excessive cell division and potentially the invasion of other tissues and death of the organisms. Understand that the cell cycle is regulated by internal and external signals and that there are checkpoints within the cycle, control points where stop and go-ahead signals can regulate the cycle. Asexual reproduction: cell division in single cell organisms or somatic cells, binary fission (bacteria, mitosis and cytokinesis (somatic cells or non reproductive cells, this is clonal, producing identical cells (clones) Bacterial reproduction: many bacteria can reproduce by binary fission every 20 minutes, growth is only limited by availability of nutrients, at 2hr45min there are 256 bacteria. If a single bacterium was allowed to grow under optimal conditions for 48 hours, 1043 cells would be produced with a combined mass 1000x greater than the earth.

Related Questions

Question 1 Which characteristic(s) of mitochondria andchloroplasts supports their existence as independent prokaryoticcells that were engulfed by eukaryotic cells?

Question 1 options: their size presence of their own DNA theirself-replication by binary fission all of these characteristicssupport that mitochondria and chloroplasts were independentprokaryotic cells that were engulfed by eukaryotic cells

Question 2 Mitochondria originated from __________, which wereengulfed during __________ endosymbiosis. Chloroplasts originatedfrom __________, which were engulfed during __________endosymbiosis.

Question 2 options: aerobic bacterium; primary; cyanobacteria;primary anaerobic bacterium; primary; cyanobacteria; secondarycyanobacteria; primary; aerobic bacterium; secondary cyanobacteria;primary; aerobic bacterium; primary

Question 3 Saved Secondary endosymbiosis refers to the processby which

Question 3 options: prokaryotes acquired chloroplasts.prokaryotes acquired mitochondria. eukaryotic cells engulfedcyanobacteria. eukaryotic cells with mitochondria engulfed aphotosynthetic.

Question 4 Saved Though there are exceptions, __________ is acommon reproductive strategy among protists.

Question 4 options: sexual reproduction by mitosis asexualreproduction by mitosis binary fission asexual reproduction bymeiosis

Question 5 Protists with chloroplasts are __________ that maketheir own food. Protists that lack chloroplasts ___________ and arethus heterotrophic; this group is generally known as__________.

Question 5 options: parasites; ingest food; protozoansheterotrophs; photosynthesize; plankton photosynthetic autotrophs;ingest or absorb food; protozoans green algae; are parasites;plankton

Question 6 An endosymbiotic protist that does not cause diseaseis likely

Question 6 options: plankton. a protozoan. a parasiticheterotroph. a photosynthetic autotroph.

Question 7 The euglenoids are

Question 7 options: euglenoids can be all of these things.photosynthetic organisms with chloroplasts. heterotrophic organismswithout chloroplasts. flagellated freshwater unicellularorganisms.

Question 8 African sleeping sickness and Chagas disease arecaused by

Question 8 options: amoeboids found in zooplankton. euglenoidswith chloroplasts. photosynthetic protists. parasiticflagellates.

Question 9 Amoeboids feed by

Question 9 options: photosynthesis, by which they make their ownfood in their chloroplasts. phagocytosis, which occurs aspseudopods surround and engulf prey. decomposing dead organisms.absorbing nutrients from their surroundings.

Question 10 Foraminiferans and radiolarians

Question 10 options: share a clade with the amoeboids. areamoeboids with shells called tests. have pseudopods, but are notamoeboids. do not have pseudopods, though they do have shells,called tests.

Question 11 A ciliate might have __________, which dischargestructures that are useful in defense or prey capture.

Question 11 options: anal pores trypanosomes contractilevacuoles trichocysts

Question 12 Ciliates reproduce __________ and have __________ tocontrol metabolism and reproduction.

Question 12 options: both sexually and asexually; two types ofnuclei sexually; a single nucleus asexually; two types of nuclei bybinary fission; a nucleoid

Question 13 The nonmotile apicomplexan Plasmodium vivaxcauses

Question 13 options: Chagas disease. vaginitis. African sleepingsickness. malaria.

Question 14 Which phase of Plasmodium vivaxâs life cycle takesplace in the human liver? In the mosquito carrier?

Question 14 options: the sexual phase; the asexual phase theasexual phase; the sexual phase

Question 15 __________ molds are found in forests, fields, andin soil. They exist in two forms, individual amoeboid __________and diploid multinucleated __________.

Question 15 options: Slime; sporangium; flagellated cells Water;sporangium; flagellated cells Slime; cellular slime molds;plasmodial slime molds Water; cellular water molds; plasmodialwater molds

Question 16 __________ are among the most numerous of allunicellular algae in the oceans and produce a major portion of theearths oxygen supply.

Question 16 options: Red algae Sporozoa DinoflagellatesDiatoms

Question 17 The phenomenon known as red tide is caused by

Question 17 options: population explosions in dinoflagellates.population explosions in red algae. built up remains of diatoms.bacterial invasion of the phytoplankton.

Question 18 The seaweed observed on the shoreline in the northtemperate zone, sometimes called kelp, is

Question 18 options: green algae. blue-green algae. red algae.brown algae.

Question 19 Ice cream, sherbet, and cream cheese are made fromalginate, a pectinlike material produced by __________ algae. Anemulsifying agent used in cosmetics and chocolate, as well as thewrappings for sushi rolls are made from extracts or parts of__________ algae.

Question 19 options: brown; green brown; red red; green green;brown

Question 20 Saved Green algae are believed to be closely relatedto the first plants, and are classified as plants by someauthorities, because both groups

Question 20 options: have a cell wall containing cellulose.possess chlorophylls a and b. All of these choices accuratelycomplete this statement. store reserve food in the form ofstarch.

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Chapter 6: How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

What is the difference between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

How do cells capture the energy released by cellular respiration?

What are the products of cellular respiration?

What does pyruvate do?

The conversion of CO2 and H2O into organic compounds using energy from light is called what?

If ATP accumulates in a cell, what happens?

A drug is tested in the laboratory and is found to create holes in both mitochondrial membranes. Scientists suspect that the drug will be harmful to human cells because the drug inhibits what?

As a result of glycolysis, there is a net gain of ________ ATP(s).

Which of the following is a result of glycolysis?

The enzymes of the citric acid cycle are located in what?

Chapter 7 Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

What is the name given to organisms that can make their own food and thus sustain themselves without consuming organic molecules derived from other organisms?

What is an example of a photoautotroph?

What is the origin of chloroplasts?

In the chloroplast, sugars are made in a compartment that is filled with a thick fluid called what?

The oxygen released into the air as a product of photosynthesis comes from what?

What is the use and production of CO₂ in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Know the parts of the chloroplast. Which structure in the chloroplast represents the thylakoid membrane?

What molecules are reactants of photosynthesis?

What is the source of energy that provides the boost for electrons during photosynthesis?

Why are most plants green?

Chapter 8: The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

What is called the creation of genetically identical offspring by a single parent, without the participation of sperm and egg?

How do eukaryotic chromosomes differ from prokaryotic chromosomes?

Prior to mitosis, each chromosome of a eukaryotic cell consists of a pair of identical structures are called what?

Eukaryotic cells spend most of their cell cycle in which phase?

What occurs during interphase?

What is the process called by which the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell divides to produce two cells?

What is the phase of mitosis during which the mitotic spindle begins to form?

During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope re-form?

What feature of plant cell division distinguishes it from animal cell division?

What features likely accounts for the difference between plant and animal cell cytokinesis?

What must occur for a plant or animal to grow and develop normally?

Chapter 9: Patterns of Inheritance

Most genetic disorders of humans are caused by what type of alleles?

What is the difference between genotypes and phenotypes?

What are the individual features of all organisms?

What does the chromosome theory of inheritance state?

What is the normal complement of sex chromosomes in a human male?

The sex chromosome complement of a normal human female is what?

How many sex chromosomes are in a human gamete?

What is the gene located on a sex chromosome called?

Why are sex-linked conditions more common in men than in women?

Chapter 12: DNA Technology and Genomics

How long has Biotechnology been around?

What do restriction enzymes do?

What are "Sticky ends"?

What is the best definition of a genomic library?

What is a nucleic acid probe?

The only cells that can correctly attach sugars to proteins to form glycoprotein products are what?

How does a vaccine work?

What is the preferred name of the technique used to determine if DNA comes from a particular individual?

The polymerase chain reaction relies upon unusual, heat-resistant ________ that were isolated from bacteria living in hot springs.

Gel electrophoresis sorts DNA molecules on the basis of their what?

BIOL103 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Cell Division, Cytokinesis, Mitosis

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