BIOL1006 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Zygosity, Phenotype, Cell Division
24 May 2018
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Lecture 9: Mendelian inheritance
Genotype: the description of the alleles at a given locus
Phenotype: the description of the form of an organism
Phenotype is determined by:
- Inheritance (genotype)
- Action of other genes
- Environmental and developmental influences
- Phenotype= genotype + environment
What is almost entirely determined by gene:
- Sex
- Blood group
- Tongue rolling
What is almost entirely determined by the environment:
- Language
- Height
- IQ
- Speed in race
One gene one polypeptide- most characteristics of an organism can be traced back to proteins
- Metabolic enzymes
- Membrane proteins
- Structural proteins
- Contractile proteins
- Transport proteins
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2
- Immune system proteins
Gene: the unit of inheritance / the sequence of DNA that codes for something
Homologous chromosomes are:
- Similar because they contain the same loci
- Different because they have different alleles at many loci
Homozygous: AA and aa
Heterozygous: Aa
Key concept in genetics
- An allele has a 50% probability of going to either of the daughter cells
Two major classes of organisms
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3
Cell division in eukaryotes
Comparison of meiosis and mitosis
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