BIOL1006 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Mutation, Population Genetics, Genetic Recombination
9 Jun 2018
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Lecture 12: Genome and transcriptomes
- Genomes influence nearly every character of an organism: size, disease resistance,
allergy even temperament and personality
- Genomes give insight into evolution. Chimpanzees and Humans share 98% of their
genomes. Humans and worms much less
- A genome is the sum of the genetic information contained within an organism.
Genome organisation- eukaryotes
- mitochondria evolve much more quickly than nucleus (it is
site of respiration- lots of free radicals bumping and causing
mutations)
Genome sizes, gene densities
- Genomes of simple organisms are small and dense- active cell division is the only thing
they do so efficiency is very important (this is why they are denser)
- Genome size is determined by complexity
- More complex organisms have more DNA, more genes and more transcribed regions
Important information can be gained from different genomes
- Nuclear genomes are highly conserved compared to mitochondrial genomes
How a nuclear genome is organized
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Document Summary
Genomes influence nearly every character of an organism: size, disease resistance, allergy even temperament and personality. Chimpanzees and humans share 98% of their genomes. A genome is the sum of the genetic information contained within an organism. Genome organisation- eukaryotes mitochondria evolve much more quickly than nucleus (it is site of respiration- lots of free radicals bumping and causing mutations) Genomes of simple organisms are small and dense- active cell division is the only thing they do so efficiency is very important (this is why they are denser) More complex organisms have more dna, more genes and more transcribed regions. Important information can be gained from different genomes. Nuclear genomes are highly conserved compared to mitochondrial genomes. Centromere is where chromatids meet (do not get genetic recombination because it is the site where they stick together- can"t cross over) Minisatellites: about 300base pair (bp) sequences are repeated over and over e. g. alu sequence.
