BIOL1007 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Trichloroethylene, Protozoa, Organic Compound
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1.This week, you will be conducting Gram stains of bacteria.Which of the following statements are true? (Mark all thatapply)
Gram-negative bacteria do not stain purple because they do nottake-up crystal violet or iodine | ||
The peptidoglycan in the walls of Gram-positive bacteria bindsto the crystal violet stain more easily than walls of Gram-negativebacteria do | ||
Gram-positive bacteria have cell walls with a thickerpeptidoglycan layer than walls of Gram-negative bacteria | ||
Gram-negative bacteria do not stain purple, because their cellwall structure allows purple-colored iodine-dye complexes to washout of the cells more easily than the cell wall structure ofGram-positive bacteria does | ||
Gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane (outside thepeptidoglycan layer in their wall) that Gram-positive bacterialack |
2.
What evidence is used to inform our understanding ofrelationships among species? (mark all that apply)
Biochemical similarities between existing species | ||
Fossils | ||
Morphological similarities between existing species (presence ofhair, backbones, etc.) | ||
DNA sequences and molecular clocks |
3.
For each of the groups of organisms below, indicate whether theybelong in (A.) Archaea, (B.) Bacteria, or (C.) Eukarya
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4.
Select all true statements about the relative diversity ofdifferent groups of organisms from among the followingstatements:
There are more species of plants on Earth than species ofmolluscs | ||
There are more plant species on Earth than mammal species | ||
There are more species of plants on Earth than species offungi | ||
There are more species of fungi on Earth than mammal species | ||
There are more species of plants on Earth than species ofarthropods | ||
There are more flatworm species on Earth than mammal species |
QUESTION 1
The âCambrian Explosionâ describes the relatively sudden appearance of __________ in the fossil record in the Cambrian.
| Metazoans | ||
| Eukaryotes | ||
| Algae | ||
| Cephalopods | ||
| Chocolate |
0.5 points
QUESTION 2
Poriferans lack:
| Extracellular matrix | ||
| Organs | ||
| Choanocytes | ||
| Nuclei |
0.5 points
QUESTION 3
Which of the following has no terrestrial species?
| Brachiopoda | ||
| Nematoda | ||
| Mollusca | ||
| Arthropoda |
0.5 points
QUESTION 4
The metazoan phylum with the greatest diversity (i.e., number of species) today is:
| Arthropoda. | ||
| Annelida. | ||
| Cnidaria. | ||
| Mollusca. |
0.5 points
QUESTION 5
Segmentation is a feature of:
| Cnidarians | ||
| Platyhelminthes | ||
| Nematodes | ||
| Annelids |
0.5 points
QUESTION 6
A coelom is:
| Fun for the whole family. | ||
| A fluid-filled body cavity forming within the mesoderm. | ||
| A stinging cell found in cnidarians. | ||
| A characteristic of flatworms. | ||
| A fluid-filled body cavity between the mesoderm and endoderm. |
0.5 points
QUESTION 7
How old is the earliest fossil evidence of life?
| 3.8 Ma | ||
| 3.8 Ga | ||
| 1.8 Ga | ||
| 543 Ma |
0.5 points
QUESTION 8
Which of the following is found only in bilaterians?
| Mesoderm | ||
| Choanocytes | ||
| Radial symmetry | ||
| Gastrulation | ||
| Nougat |
0.5 points
QUESTION 9
Which of the following is not an explanation put forward for the Cambrian Explosion?
| Oxygen increase | ||
| Revolution in substrate use | ||
| Predation | ||
| Global warming |
0.5 points
QUESTION 10
Cnidarians are distinct from other animals in having:
| A can-do attitude | ||
| Nematocysts | ||
| Chitin | ||
| Collagen | ||
| Bilateral symmetry |
0.5 points
QUESTION 11
Which of the following is a group within Platyhelminthes?
| Insecta | ||
| Velveeta | ||
| Bivalvia | ||
| Cestoda | ||
| Hydrozoa |
0.5 points
QUESTION 12
Of Fungi, Metazoa, and Plantae, which two are thought to be more closely related to each other than they are to the third?
| Metazoa and Plantae | ||
| Fungi and Plantae | ||
| Fungi and Metazoa |
0.5 points
QUESTION 13
The Cryogenian is a period of the Proterozoic characterized by:
| Low self esteem | ||
| Earliest fossils of life | ||
| Cooling and glaciation | ||
| Sudden appearance of fossils with hard parts | ||
| Increase in oxygen |
0.5 points
QUESTION 14
Which of the following is thought not to have been abundant in the environment of the early Earth when life originated?
| Oxygen | ||
| Nitrogen | ||
| Methane | ||
| Water |
0.5 points
QUESTION 15
Of Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya, which two are thought to be more closely related to each other than they are to the third?
| Bacteria and Eukarya | ||
| Archaea and Bacteria | ||
| Archaea and Eukarya |
0.5 points
QUESTION 16
The increase in oxygen that occurred around 2.3 Ga is referred to as:
| The Snowball Earth | ||
| The Permian Extinction | ||
| The Cambrian Explosion | ||
| The Great Oxidation Event | ||
| Friday |
0.5 points
QUESTION 17
A lophophore is:
| A feeding structure found in brachiopods and bryozoans. | ||
| A reproductive structure found in annelids and molluscs. | ||
| A photoautotroph. | ||
| Available at Targetâ¢. | ||
| Absent in all lophotrochozoans. |
0.5 points
QUESTION 18
One of the main divisions of protostomes is:
| Electronica | ||
| Cnidaria | ||
| Eukarya | ||
| Lophotrochozoa | ||
| Deuterostomia |
0.5 points
QUESTION 19
If, as some studies have suggested, Ctenophora is the sister-taxon to other metazoans, this would imply that:
| Poriferans are not animals. | ||
| Cnidarians are not monophyletic. | ||
| We are all hosed. | ||
| Nervous systems evolved more than once, or were lost by Porifera. | ||
| Ctenophorans are cnidarians. |
0.5 points
QUESTION 20
The chambered shells of fossil cephalopods contribute to:
| Feeding. | ||
| The Red Cross. | ||
| Respiration. | ||
| Control of buoyancy. | ||
| Propulsion. |