KHA302 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Intellectual Disability, Visual Acuity, Parenting Styles
30 Jun 2018
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Lifespan Developmental Psychology: Revision lecture
- Field of study that identifies and explains stability, continuity, change, and
growth in an individual from conception to death
oSpent most of our time on 0-21: this is where the vast majority of the
change and research occurs
oThe trajectories we have talked about, from this there are only slow,
incremental changes
- Domains of development:
oPhysical development:
oCognitive development:
oSocial-emotional development:
oTheories cover all of these aspects
Age and developmental periods:
- Prenatal: conception to birth
- Infancy: 0-2 years
- Etc.
- These markers may be clear in some cases, but we must remember:
oIndividual differences
Different rates
oCulturally defined
oApproximations: not solid
oDeviations:
Comparing against the average to determine this
In delays for example
- Millstones of development:
oIn terms of physical, cognitive, psychosocial
oBirth:
Startle reflex, grasping, sucking
Visual, auditory, tracking
Cries and is soothed at feeding
oInfancy:
Walking, standing, reaching
Language acquisition
Attachment
oEarly childhood:
Climbing,
oLate childhood
oAdolescence:
Puberty and growth
Abstract thinking
Sexual relations
oAdulthood:
Slower rate of changes
Still dynamic
oLate adulthood:
Decline in physical function
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Achievement of wisdom
Retirement and its associated issues
oEmphasis on the dynamic nature of development
- Nature vs. nurture
oSometimes more one than the other: think about the area
oGenetic, environment and interaction links
oGenetic predisposition that the environment acts on
oGenetic foundations: provide the building blocks for development
oEnvironment play a role in this
oTwin studies:
Identical: 100% genetic overlap
Fraternal: 50% genetic overlap
A lot of the arguments can be derived from these studies
Reared apart studies
Best type of research in this regard
Environmentally very different
More commonly in determining the physical and cognitive
differences
- Attachment:
oEmotional tie between one individual and another: child and parent
usually
Mostly focused on Mothers
This research focus is changing
oAttachment develops in the first year of life
oIs not limited to humans
oBehaviours:
Essential to normal development
The outcomes of disordered attachments
oAinsworth: the strange situation
Not required to list every stage
Need a general conceptual idea about what happens
Remembering that we take this experimental situation and
apply it to something that is not experimental
oTypes of attachment:
Secure
Anxious-avoidant
Anxious resistant/ambivalent
Disorganized
Be clear on the differences and manifestations
Outcomes of these types
oParenting styles:
Authoritative: related to the best outcomes
Control is high
But also allowed choice and thus maturity
Clarity in communication, guidance
Authoritarian: very high control
Clarity of communication is low
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Domains of development: physical development, cognitive development, social-emotional development, theories cover all of these aspects. These markers may be clear in some cases, but we must remember: individual differences. Different rates: culturally defined, approximations: not solid, deviations: Comparing against the average to determine this. Millstones of development: in terms of physical, cognitive, psychosocial, birth: Cries and is soothed at feeding: infancy: Retirement and its associated issues: emphasis on the dynamic nature of development. A lot of the arguments can be derived from these studies. Best type of research in this regard. More commonly in determining the physical and cognitive. Attachment: differences: emotional tie between one individual and another: child and parent usually. This research focus is changing: attachment develops in the first year of life, is not limited to humans, behaviours: The outcomes of disordered attachments: ainsworth: the strange situation. Need a general conceptual idea about what happens.
