KHA716 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Mirror Box, Phantom Pain, Pain Management
25 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Research Design
Week
9
Single subject research designs (SSRD)
- Key performance indicators
oValid measures
- Use directly within clinical practice
oWith clients
- Morely, 2018
oTextbook with useful information
oClinically oriented focus
What is SSRD:
- Two types
oCase studies
More qualitative
Non-experimental designs
oExperimental/Research Design
Multiple baseline designs
Reversal designs
Case studies:
- Intensive description and analysis of the individual
- A case formulation
- Advantages:
oProvide sources of ideas and hypotheses
oOpportunity for treatment innovation
New treatments become available
E.g. when mindfulness and ACT came about in th 90’s
Now- biofeedback
oStudying rare problem behaviours and psychopathologies
E.g unique ASD presentations
Personality disorders
oCan challenge theoretical assumptions
oTentative support for psychological theory
oComplement to nomothetic study
- Disadvantages:
oNo cause-effect conclusions
oPoor validity
Potential source of bias
Observer interpretation
Incorrect conclusions
Problems with generalization
- We can actually get cause and effect
oNeed to treat it as quantitatively
oFits well with what we do in clinical settings
oN = 1
oSome of the principles are directly relevant to practice
Roots of SSRD:
find more resources at oneclass.com
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- Applied Behaviour Analysis
oSkinner- behaviouralism
oSSRD studying a single individual by taking repeated measurements of
1 or more DV
Systematically applying and something withdrawing or varying
the IV
IV- usually the treatment
DV: outcome on measure
oUsually best with more than one DV
- Measurement
oObjective records of the same pre and post behaviors
Continuous assessment
- IV: treatment or no treatment
oControlled by therapist aka experimenter
- Data analysis
oGraphs and visual analysis
oVery powerful here
oTo detect changes
oE.g plotting SUDS on a graph
oCan show client
Showing that it is working
- Arguments for SSRD
oSometimes it is not ethical to withhold treatment
Control group, harmful behavior
oHard to find populations
Low incidence disorders/behaviours
E.g. dissociative identity disorder
oLow power and heterogeneity
Lots of research in SSRD in schizophrenia
Lots of types of this disorder
Same with PTSD
The number of potential presentations
oValidating practice
Keeping records for each client
Show your boss
Key performance indicators
The basic A and B design
- Involves at least one
oBaseline or A phase
Series of repeated observations or measurements with no
intervention
A phase- period before treatment
Reflects the natural state
Provide standard for evaluating treatment
Measurements repeated until stable
oStability at baseline before applying treatment
oNormally not that stable…
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Use directly within clinical practice: with clients. Morely, 2018: textbook with useful information, clinically oriented focus. Advantages: provide sources of ideas and hypotheses, opportunity for treatment innovation. E. g. when mindfulness and act came about in th 90"s. Now- biofeedback: studying rare problem behaviours and psychopathologies. Personality disorders: can challenge theoretical assumptions, tentative support for psychological theory, complement to nomothetic study. Disadvantages: no cause-effect conclusions, poor validity. We can actually get cause and effect: need to treat it as quantitatively, fits well with what we do in clinical settings, n = 1, some of the principles are directly relevant to practice. Applied behaviour analysis: skinner- behaviouralism, ssrd studying a single individual by taking repeated measurements of. Systematically applying and something withdrawing or varying the iv. Dv: outcome on measure: usually best with more than one dv. Measurement: objective records of the same pre and post behaviors. Iv: treatment or no treatment: controlled by therapist aka experimenter.
