CAM201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Pinocytosis, Subclavian Vein, Paracellular Transport

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8 Jun 2018
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Course
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Learning Objectives
Review the structure of a capillary and a capillary bed
Describe how substances traverse the capillary wall
Define the Starling forces and explain how they relate to oedema
Describe the structure and function of the lymph system
Describe how blood flow through capillaries is varied according to the metabolic needs of
cells/tissues
The Capillary
Smallest and most numerous blood vessel
The average diameter is ~5-10um (RBC is ~7um)
Collective length of ~100km and surface area of ~1000m2 (about 3 tennis courts)
Function
Point of deliver of tissue nutrients (O2, glucose)
Point of removal for tissue waste (CO2, lactate)
Properties
Smooth, non-pulsatile blood pressure
Slow blood flow velocity
Thin and a little leaky for exchange
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Thin and Leaky
Passage of substances through the capillary wall can occur:
1. Across the cell membrane - lipid soluble molecules and gasses
Oxygen, carbon dioxide, cholesterol etc.
Diffusion
2. Between cells (paracellular)
Water, small molecules such as urea
Filtration
3. Pinocytosis - movement of specific molecules/substances across the cell membrane in
vesicles
Blood brain barrier
Structure
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Tissue-Specific Permeability
The pore width is normally intermediate (large molecules diffuse through poorly, water
molecules more easily)
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