CAM201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm, Coronary Artery Disease, Intermittent Claudication
12 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
The Cardiovascular Sste Histor ad
Eaiatio
• Symptom: a departure from the normal function or feeling which is noted by
the patient, which is an indication of the presence of a disease.
− It cannot be observed or observed directly- its subjective
− Determined through patient history
• Sign: an objective abnormality indicative of a disease, evident on patient
examination
Cardiovascular Symptoms (Presenting Complaint)
• Chest pain
• Dizziness
• Cough
• Shortness of breath
• Ankle oedema
• Palpitations
• Collaspe/syncope (temporary loss of consciousness due to decreased blood
flow to brain)
• Calf pain on walking - intermittent claudication
− Caused by obstruction of arteries
Cardiovascular Risk Factors (Presenting Complaint)
• Previous Cardiovascular Disease
• Diabetes
• Hypertension
• Hyperlipidaemia- high levels of lipid in blood
• Smoking
• Obesity
• Excess alcohol
• IV drug use
• Sedentary lifestyle
• Family history – Ischaemic heart disease (IHD), Hypertension, Marfan
syndrome (genetic disorder of connective tissue), cardiomyopathy, abdominal
aortic aneurysm (AAA), etc.
Introduction and Consent
• ICE- introduction, consent, expsoure
− Expose chest and back
• Patient rested at 45 degrees
• Patient’s comfort should be checked
• Handwash
General Inspection
• Well/unwell/distressed
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
• Dyspnoea
• Central cyanosis- blue skin
• Jaundice
• Sweating (diaphoresis)
• Body build
Inspection of Hands
• Fingernails
− Clubbing
− Peripheral cyanosis
− Signs of infective endocarditis- splinter haemorrhages (blood clots in
nails)
• Palms
− Pallor (palmar creases)- indicative of anaemia
− Signs of Infective Endocarditis- Janeway lesions (erythematous lesion
on palms), Osler’s nodes (red, raised lesion on hands and feet)
• Tendon xanthomata- build up of cholesterol
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
E(cid:454)a(cid:373)i(cid:374)atio(cid:374: symptom: a departure from the normal function or feeling which is noted by the patient, which is an indication of the presence of a disease. It cannot be observed or observed directly- its subjective. Determined through patient history: sign: an objective abnormality indicative of a disease, evident on patient examination. Cardiovascular symptoms (presenting complaint: chest pain, dizziness, cough, shortness of breath, ankle oedema, palpitations, collaspe/syncope (temporary loss of consciousness due to decreased blood flow to brain, calf pain on walking - intermittent claudication. Cardiovascular risk factors (presenting complaint: previous cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia- high levels of lipid in blood, smoking, obesity, excess alcohol, sedentary lifestyle. Iv drug use: family history ischaemic heart disease (ihd), hypertension, marfan syndrome (genetic disorder of connective tissue), cardiomyopathy, abdominal aortic aneurysm (aaa), etc. Expose chest and back: patient rested at 45 degrees, patient"s comfort should be checked, handwash. General inspection: well/unwell/distressed, dyspnoea, central cyanosis- blue skin, sweating (diaphoresis, body build.
