91335 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Rna Splicing, Peptide, Transferase
MB2 Lecture 1
19/3/18
Revision
Nucleotide= 3 components
• Sugar
• Phosphate 5’C of sugar
• Base 1’C of sugar
Phosphodiester bond
Between 5’ aron and 3’ aron of the other nuleotide
5’ – 3’ orientation
central dogma
DNA RNA Protein
Replication, transcription, translation
Reverse transcriptase in retrovirus can take RNA to DNA
Introns- non-coding
Exons- coding
Introns are removed and exons are conserved in RNA splicing
5’ ap and 3’ poly-A tail is added
formed and processed in nucleus then goes to cytoplasm for translation
translation
3 stages:
1. Initiation- mRNA, tRNA and ribosome
2. Elongation- tRNA brining amino acids
3. Termination- Stop codon
tRNA
anticodon loop has complementary sequence to mRNA codons
role of ribosome
1. Decodes mRNA
2. Forms polypeptide bonds between amino acids (peptidyl transferase)
Part 2.
Human genome, sequencing, structure and organisation
Human genome project
Determine sequences of 3 billion base pairs of human genome
Large scale sequencing, faster and cheaper
Study the function of genomes on genomic scale.
Sequencing approaches
Shotgun- DNA broken down to small random fragments and cloned
Sequence arranged into contigs
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Nucleotide= 3 components: sugar, phosphate (cid:894)5"c of sugar(cid:895, base (cid:894)1"c of sugar(cid:895) Between 5" (cid:272)ar(cid:271)on and 3" (cid:272)ar(cid:271)on of the other nu(cid:272)leotide. Reverse transcriptase in retrovirus can take rna to dna. Introns are removed and exons are conserved in rna splicing. 5" (cid:272)ap and 3" poly-a tail is added formed and processed in nucleus then goes to cytoplasm for translation translation. 3 stages: initiation- mrna, trna and ribosome, elongation- trna brining amino acids, termination- stop codon trna anticodon loop has complementary sequence to mrna codons role of ribosome, decodes mrna, forms polypeptide bonds between amino acids (peptidyl transferase) Determine sequences of 3 billion base pairs of human genome. Study the function of genomes on genomic scale. Shotgun- dna broken down to small random fragments and cloned. Automation of sequencing average length of a gene is 3000bp no. of genes= 30000 -35000 most nucleotides are exactly the same in most people only 50% of genes functions are known.
