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BIOL 130 Lecture 27: Transcription and Translation

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ceriseweasel496

5 Dec 2016

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Document Summary

Modification of eukaryotic mrna: prokaryotic mrna is immediately translated into proteins. In some cases, translation and transcription can occur at the same time: eukaryotic mrna must be processed in the nucleus, then exported to the cytoplasm before translation can occur. End modifications of eukaryotic mrna: each end of a pre-mrna molecule is modified in a particular way. The 5" e(cid:374)d re(cid:272)eives a (cid:373)odified (cid:374)u(cid:272)leotide 5" gua(cid:374)i(cid:374)e (cid:272)ap. The 3" e(cid:374)d gets a poly-a tail: these modifications share several functions. They seem to facilitate the export of mrna to the cytoplasm. They transfer mrna out of nucleus and into cytoplasm. They protect the mrna and make it more stable. They help ribosomes atta(cid:272)h to the 5" e(cid:374)d. They help ri(cid:271)oso(cid:373)es atta(cid:272)h at the 5" of (cid:373)rna: stop codon terminates protein synthesis. Eukaryotic mrna splicing: most eukaryotic genes are present in the genome as discontinuous pieces of sequence.

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Related Questions

If one is testing a goodness of fit to a 9:3:3:1 ratio, how many degrees of freedom would be associated with the Chi-square?

1

2

3

4

not enough information to determine

Which of the following choices does not describe a type of posttranslational modification of proteins?

The amino terminal methionine may be removed.

Glycoproteins are produced by the attachment of phosphates to newly synthesized proteins.

Precursor proteins are cleaved and trimmed by protease enzymes to produce a functional protein.

Molecular chaperones help proteins fold correctly.

Amino acids in the amino terminal of the protein can be acetylated.

A eukaryotic DNA sequence that affects transcription at distant promoters is called a(n)

long distance promotor

DNA methylation may be a significant mode of genetic regulation in eukaryotes. Meythylation refers to

altering RNA polymerase activity by adding methyl-groups

changes in DNA-DNA hydrogen bonding

altering translation activity via methylated tRNAs

adding methyl groups to certain cytosines in DNA

If a nucleotide lacks a 3â-OH group, what will happen?

itâs transformed into RNA

another nucleotide can bond at the 3â site during replication

replication will halt

Which of the following describe posttranscriptional modifications commonly seen in mRNA of eukaryotes?

5â capping, 3â-poly-A tail addition, splicing

3â capping, 5â poly-A tail addition, splicing

heteroduplex formation

5â capping, 3âpolyA tail addition, removal of exons

In birds, females are the heterogametic sex. This means that

females have chromosomes in pairs.

emales produce eggs.

females determine the gender of their offspring.

males have two identical sex chromosomes (ZZ)

An anticodon on a tRNA has the sequence 5'âGCAâ3'. What would be the effect on translation if the G in the anticodon were mutated to a U?

The anticodon could pair to the serine codon 5'âUCAâ3', and a cysteine would be incorporated at all points where a serine should have been incorporated.

The anticodon could pair to the threonine codon 5'âACUâ3', and a threonine would be incorporated at all points where a cysteine should have been incorporated.

The anticodon could pair to the serine codon 5'âAGUâ3', and a serine would be incorporated at all points where a cysteine should have been incorporated.

The anticodon could pair to the stop codon 5'âUGAâ3', and instead of stopping translation, a cysteine would be incorporated and translation could continue.