ANHB2212 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Abdominal Wall, Adventitia, Greater Omentum
28 May 2018
School
Course
Professor
L15 Abdomen – Viscera 1
Outcomes
Structure of GIT
Glands
Stomach
• Sphincters
• Peritoneum
• Interior
Small intestines
• Interior
Colon
The Gastrointestinal tract organs (hollow)
Structure
• Mucosa, Submucosa, Muscularis externa
o Submucosa is the CT layer with A,V, N
o M.E is the main muscle layer, outer
longitudinal, inner circular
o M.E function = move content
• Mucosa
o Epithelium
o Lamina propria
o Muscularis mucosa
• Retroperitoneal parts of GIT = Adventitia –
fibrous loose connective tissue layer
Glands
• All glands are specializations of tissues
• Glands can be microscopic in the wall of a hollow
organ
• Glands can be organs in their own right, connected
to the original epithelium
o Ie glands in Lamina Propria
o Glands that are divided + enlarged +
formed into an organ
o E.g liver is formed from epithelium of
small intestines
o Liver, Pancreas, Salivary glands
• Function: secrete to epithelium
1. Group of epithelial cells
2. Grow to form a column
3. Forms a hollow tube
4. Forms secretory part and duct
5. Single duct/ Simple glands .. Branched ducts/Compound
glands
General layout of the Digestive system
• Duodenum is part is stomach, hidden behind the
liver
• Stomach and liver are supracolic (Transverse
Mesocolon defines this)
• There are retroperitoneal structures like kidneys,
duodenum, AC, DC
Stomach
• 2 ends
o cardia
o pylorus
• 2 borders
o greater and lesser curvatures
• Cardia, fundus, body, pyloric antrum, pyloric canal,
pyloric sphincter (thick muscles)
• Function: Fundic (Fundus + Body) part secrete
acid
• Function: Pyloric part secrete mucus
Stomach Sphincters
• Function: Cardiac sphincter without thickening of
muscles prevent backflow of acid content of
stomach/ prevent reflux
o Muscle tone keeps the sphincter closed
o Angle between fundus and oesophagus
helps prevent reflux
o Action of diaphragm help
• Function: Pyloric sphincter have thickened,
circular muscles to control release into duodenum
o They have thickening of smooth muscles
Stomach Peritoneum
• Function: Greater omentum connects to colon
(Gastrocolic ligament)
o 1. Immunity barrier
o 2. Fat deposition (insulation)
o 3. Keeps organs in tact
• Lesser curvature has 2 layers connected to liver
(Hepatogastric ligament)
• Greater curvature has 2 layers connecting to
Gastrophrenic ligament + Gastrosplenic
ligament
Stomach Interior
• Rugae / Rugal folds (singular: ruga)
o Made from Mucosa (3 layers)
• Function of gastric canal: Gastric canal along
lesser curvature have small quantities of fluid
passing along
• Stomach is flat when full
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Document Summary
Glands: all glands are specializations of tissues, glands can be microscopic in the wall of a hollow organ, glands can be organs in their own right, connected to the original epithelium. General layout of the digestive system: duodenum is part is stomach, hidden behind the liver, stomach and liver are supracolic (transverse. Mesocolon defines this: there are retroperitoneal structures like kidneys, duodenum, ac, dc. 2 borders: greater and lesser curvatures, cardia, fundus, body, pyloric antrum, pyloric canal, pyloric sphincter (thick muscles, function: fundic (fundus + body) part secrete acid, function: pyloric part secrete mucus. Stomach peritoneum: function: greater omentum connects to colon (gastrocolic ligament, 1. Keeps organs in tact: lesser curvature has 2 layers connected to liver (hepatogastric ligament, greater curvature has 2 layers connecting to. Stomach interior: rugae / rugal folds (singular: ruga, made from mucosa (3 layers, function of gastric canal: gastric canal along lesser curvature have small quantities of fluid passing along, stomach is flat when full.
