IMED3001 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis, Chronic Kidney Disease, Tumor Lysis Syndrome
28 May 2020
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Document Summary
Approximately 1. 7 million australians have indicators of chronic kidney disease. 20% of all indigenous people >18 years old: most common causes of chronic renal failure requiring dialysis/renal transplantation, diabetes (35%, glomerulonephritis (20%, hypertension (15%) Rapid rise in serum urea/creatinine: over days to weeks, usually accompanied by oliguria/anuria, may completely resolve or progress to chronic renal failure. Gradual and progressive rise in serum urea/creatinine (months to years) Accompanied by symptoms and signs of renal dysfunction. Eventual progression to end stage renal failure (egfr <5%) requiring dialysis/transplantation. Clinical manifestations of renal dysfunction: lethargy, anorexia, shortness of breath, peripheral neuropathy, oedema. Renal hypoperfusion, hypovolemia, chock, gi fluid loss, poor fluid intake, left and right heart failure, excessive vasodilation (septicaemia, anaphylaxis: glomerulonephritis, acute tubular necrosis, acute interstitial nephritis. Post-renal: obstructive nephropathy: prostatic hyperplasia/neoplasia nephrolithiasis, ureter and bladder tumours. Haematuria (often macroscopic: mild to moderate proteinuria. Subset of nephritic syndrome: usually due to crescentic glomerulonephritis. Ig(y) + antigen = attracts inflammatory cells, activates complement.
