LING2002 Lecture Notes - Lecture 27: Tokyo Dialect, Chopsticks, Speech Perception
Wednesday, 31 May 2017
LECTURE 26
PITCH IN PHONOLOGY
-Pitch
•Pitch in speech can be related to the frequency of voicing
-Extracted from the speech signal as the Fundamental Frequency
•Measured in Hertz (cycles per second)
-But pitch is strictly speaking a matter of speech perception
-F0 is a property of voicing; breaks in F0 trace mean a voiceless sound
-Pitch in phonology
•Pitch is central to three distinct phonological phenomena:
-Tone
•Many tone languages lack stress as a type of prominence within words
-Pitch Accent
•A type of word level prominence, as is stress
-Intonation
-Prominence: Pitch accent
•Unlike tone languages, words in pitch accent languages have a maximum of one prominent syllable
-Which is a associated with a pitch change, typically a fall
-Pitch of subsequent syllables in the word/phrase is predictable
•Example/ Japanese
-Different dialects have slightly different patterns of pitch accent
•Tokyo dialect
-Some words have no pitch accent
-Others have pitch accent on one syllable in the word
-A well known minimal set:
•/ha↓si/ ‘chopsticks’
•/hasi↓/ ‘bridge’
!1
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Document Summary
Pitch: pitch in speech can be related to the frequency of voicing. Extracted from the speech signal as the fundamental frequency: measured in hertz (cycles per second) But pitch is strictly speaking a matter of speech perception. F0 is a property of voicing; breaks in f0 trace mean a voiceless sound. Pitch in phonology: pitch is central to three distinct phonological phenomena: Tone: many tone languages lack stress as a type of prominence within words. Pitch accent: a type of word level prominence, as is stress. Prominence: pitch accent: unlike tone languages, words in pitch accent languages have a maximum of one prominent syllable. Which is a associated with a pitch change, typically a fall. Pitch of subsequent syllables in the word/phrase is predictable: example/ japanese. Different dialects have slightly different patterns of pitch accent: tokyo dialect. Others have pitch accent on one syllable in the word. In intonation languages like english, there are phrase level patterns of pitch.
