PHAR1101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Alcoholic Liver Disease, Body Fluid, Liver Failure
Alcohol and individual harm:
Target organ toxicity:
Distinct organs sustain damage with long term drinking:
Acute consumption:
- Alteration of brain function
- Loss of inhibitions
- Motor impairment/loss of coordination at higher doses.
Chronic heavy consumption:
- Damage to internal organs
- i.e. esophagus, stomach, heart, pancreas, brain, vasculature, lung, liver, unborn child.
Alcoholic liver disease:
Serious complication of alcohol abuse.
- >150,000 alcohol-related deaths/yr (USA)
- Liver failure major cause
3 ai fors hih differ i reersiility, i.e. reersal of tissue ijury upo astiee.
Normal liver functions:
- bile production - (Green biofluid aids fat absorption
- fat transport around body
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- glucose metabolism (glycogen
storage)
- iron storage + heme synthesis
- regulation of blood clotting
(clotting factors)
- metabolism of urea and drugs an
chemicals
- production of immune factors
- bacterial clearance from blood
3 classic phases of alcoholic liver disease:
1 – fatty liver
2 – alcoholic hepatitis
3 – liver cirrhosis
(for a minority, liver cancer represents 4th
final stage)
Fatty liver:
- high incidence of alcohol intake (>60g a day) (6 standard
drinks)
- build-up of fat in liver cells (centrilobular hepatocytes
– causes enlargement of liver
- causes pain and discomfort
free radicals (reactive oxygen species or ROS) form during ethanol
metabolism in endoplasmic reticulum
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Document Summary
Distinct organs sustain damage with long term drinking: Motor impairment/loss of coordination at higher doses. Damage to internal organs i. e. esophagus, stomach, heart, pancreas, brain, vasculature, lung, liver, unborn child. 3 (cid:373)ai(cid:374) for(cid:373)s (cid:449)hi(cid:272)h differ i(cid:374) (cid:862)re(cid:448)ersi(cid:271)ility(cid:863), i. e. re(cid:448)ersal of tissue i(cid:374)jury upo(cid:374) a(cid:271)sti(cid:374)e(cid:374)(cid:272)e. Bile production - (green biofluid aids fat absorption fat transport around body glucose metabolism (glycogen storage) iron storage + heme synthesis regulation of blood clotting (clotting factors) Metabolism of urea and drugs an chemicals. 3 liver cirrhosis (for a minority, liver cancer represents 4th final stage) High incidence of alcohol intake (>60g a day) (6 standard drinks) Build-up of fat in liver cells (centrilobular hepatocytes. Causes pain and discomfort free radicals (reactive oxygen species or ros) form during ethanol metabolism in endoplasmic reticulum. Damage lipid membranes to form reactive aldehydes. Attack proteins, dna and the antioxidant glutathione. Jaundice poor removal of bilirubin accumulates in subcutaneous fat. Irreversible scarring of liver due to years of abuse.
