PHTY300 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Pulmonary Compliance
Document Summary
Learning outcomes: discuss the management rationale for invasive ventilatory support for patients with hypercapnic respiratory failure, describe the modes of ventilation currently available on mechanical ventilators (cv, acv, Imv, simv, bilevel, psv, cpap, peep): explain the difference between volume, pressure and time cycled ventilator modes. List, and describe the rationale for, physiotherapy interventions to improve arterial carbon dioxide levels in intubated and non-intubated patients with hypercapnic respiratory failure. Intermittent mandatory ventilation: negative pressure ventilation, controlled ventilation, assist/control ventilation, synchronised imv, pressure support ventilation, bilevel ventilation, non-invasive (mask) ventilation* Hypercapnic respiratory failure: co2 retention, failure to move enough air in and out of alveoli, mode of ventilation is chosen to assist moving air whilst minimising the detrimental effects. Controlled ventilation: cv, rr set, vt set, patient effort ignored, no control, requires sedation of awake patient, limited/ no respiratory muscle activity, airway pressure always positive. Plus any patient effort triggers ventilator breath. Set number and size of ventilator breaths per minute.
