PSYC206 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Dependent And Independent Variables, Mental Chronometry, Frequency Distribution
!"#$%$&'(
)*+$*,-"%(
.'/01$'2(01*0(3*'(31*'2"(&+(1*#"(4$55"+"'0(#*-6"%(
78289(-&64(&+(:6$"0("'#$+&';"'0(
○
-
!"%<&'%"(#*+$*,-"%(
!"*30$&'(0$;"9(1"-<$'2(,"1*#$&6+(
○
-
=*+0$3$<*'0(#*+$*,-"%(
="+%&'*-$0/(
○
-
>'4"<"'4"'0(#*+$*,-"(?>)@(
>)($%(;*'$<6-*0"4(,/("A<"+$;"'0"+(
○
B"0C""'(%6,D"30%(4"%$2'(
!*'4&;-/(*%%$2'(<*+0$3$<*'0%(0&(4$55"+"'0(-"#"-%(&5(01"(>)(
§
E$55"+"'0(<*+0$3$<*'0%(*+"($'(01"(4$55"+"'0(3&'4$0$&'%(
§
○
F$01$'(%6,D"30%(4"%$2'(
7*31(<*+0$3$<*'0(2&"%(01+&621("#"+/(-"#"-(&5(>)
§
!*'4&;-/(*%%$2'(<*+0$3$<*'0%(0&(*'(&+4"+(
§
G&+"(%0*0$%30$3(3&;<*0*,-"(*%(3&;<*+$'2(<"&<-"(0&(01";%"-#"%(
§
○
-
E"<"'4"'0(#*+$*,-"(?E)@
>%(;"*%6+"4(46+$'2H*50"+("A<&%6+"(0&(>)(
○
-
I&;$'*-(J('*;"%(0&(2+&6<%(K 3*'0(0&(*'/01$'2(C$01(01"('6;,"+%
L+4$'*-(J(/&6(3*'(3&4"(01";(,60(/&6(3*'0(1*#"(01"(%*;"($'0"+#*-%(K 3*'0(4&(
;631(C$01
>'0"+#*-(J(+*0$'2(01$'2%(&'(%3*-"%(MKN(K ":6*-(4$55"+"'3"%(K '&(0+6"(O"+&
!*0$&(J(4&"%($0(;*P"(%"'%"(0&(1*#"(0C$3"%(*%(;631(*%(%&;"01$'2("-%"($5(%&($0Q%(
*(+*0$&(?0$;"@
R/<"(&5(S0*0$%0$3%(
E"%3+$<0$#"(%0*0$%0$3
E"%3+$,"("%%"'0$*-(31*+*30"+$%0$3%(&5(4*0*(K 4"%3+$,$'2(/&6+(%*;<-"
E$%0+$,60$&'(
§
T"'0+*-(0"'4"'3/(
§
E$%<"+%$&'H#*+$*,$-$0/(
§
○
-
>'5"+"'0$*-(S0*0$%0$3%(
>'5"+(31*+*30"+$%0$3%(&5(01"(<&<6-*0$&'(5+&;(01"(31*+*30"+$%0$3%(&5(*(
%*;<-"(
○
-
E$%0+$,60$&'
U+":6"'3/(4$%0+$,60$&'(
V+*<1(C1$31(<-&0%(01"(5+":6"'3/(&5(*(%3&+"(&336+$'2(
○
W%"56-(5&+(*%%"%%$'2(01"(4$%0+$,60$&'(&5(%3&+"%(
○
-
I&+;*-(4$%0+$,60$&'
G*'/(%0*0$%0$3*-(0"%0%(*%%6;"(*('&+;*-(4$%0+$,60$&'
○
S/;;"0+$3*-9(,"--K%1*<"4(*'4(6'$;&4*-(
○
-
X6+0&%$%
X6+0&%$%Y(4"2+""(0&(C1$31(%3&+"%(3-6%0"+(*0(01("'4%(?$8"89(0*$-@(&5(*(4$%0+$,60$&'(
*'4(1&C(<&$'0/(01"(4$%0+$,60$&'($%(
-
=&%$0$#"(P6+0&%$%H-"<0&P6+0$3(4$%0+$,60$&'(
Z&'2(0*$-%9(<&$'0/(4$%0+$,60$&'(
○
-
I"2$0$#"(P6+0&%$%H(<-*/P6+0$3(4$%0+$,60$&'(
S1&+0(0*$-%9(5-*0(4$%0+$,60$&'(
○
-
G&4*-(T1*+*30"+$%0$3%(
W'$;&4"-Y(&'"(<+&;$'"'0(1$21(<&$'0(
-
B$;&4"-Y(0C&(<+&;$'"'0(1$21(<&$'0%(
-
G6-$;&4"-Y(;6-0$<-"(<+&;$'"'0(1$21(<&$'0%(
-
T"'0+*-(0"'4"'3/(
G&4"
G&%0(5+":6"'0(%3&+"
○
-
G"4$*'(
G$44-"(%3&+"(
○
-
G"*'(
.#"+*2"(
○
-
E$%<"+%$&'(
E$%<"+%$&'(+"5"+(0&(01"(#*+$*,$-$0/(&+(%<+"*4(&5(%3&+"%($'(01"(4*0*(
-
G"*%6+"%(&5(4$%<"+%$&'(
!*'2"(?4$55"+"'3"(,"0C""'(1$21"%0(*'4(-&C"%0@
○
>'0"+:6*+0$-"(+*'2"(
○
S6;(&5(%:6*+"%(?SS@(
○
)*+$*'3"(?S[@
○
S0*'4*+4(4"#$*0$&'(?%(&+(SE@
○
-
=+&,*,$-$0/(4$%0+$,60$&'(
U+":6"'3/(4$%0+$,60$&'%(3*'(,"(6%"4(0&(4"0"+;$'"(1&C(-$P"-/($0($%(01*0(
<*+0$36-*+(%3&+"(&336++"4(
-
T*-36-*0"(01"(<+&,*,$-$0/(&5(2"00$'2(*(<*+0$36-*+(%3&+"(,*%"4(&'(01"(5+":6"'3/(
&5(01"(%3&+"(
-
S0*0$%0$3$*'%(1*#"(3*-36-*0"4(01"(<+&,*,$-$0/(&5(%3&+"%(&336++$'2($'(*('&+;*-(
4$%0+$,60$&'(C$01(*(;"*'(&5(\(*'4(%0*'4*+4(4"#$*0$&'(&5(M(
-
.'/(4*0*(%"0(3*'(,"(3&'#"+0"4(0&(1*#"(*(;"*'(&5(\(*'4(*(%0*'4*+4(4"#$*0$&'(
&5(M
-
]K%3&+"%(
F"(3*'(%0*'4*+4$%"("*31(%3&+"($'0&(*(OK%3&+"(,/(%6,0+*30$'2(01"(;"*'(*'4(
4$#$4$'2(,/(01"(%0*'4*+4(4"#$*0$&'(
.(OK%3&+"%("A<+"%%"%(*(%3&+"($'(0"+;%(&5(1&C(;*'/(%0*'4*+4(4"#$*0$&'%(
$0($%(*C*/(5+&;(01"(;"*'(
>'(*('&+;*-(4$%0+$,60$&'9(^N_(&5(01"(%3&+"%(*+"(2&$'2(0&(5*--(C$01$'(
M8^`SE(&5(01"(;"*'(
§
S3&+"%(;&+"(01*'(M8^`(SE(5+&;(01"(;"*'($'("$01"+(4$+"30$&'(*+"(
+*+"(
§
F"(6%"(01"(%*;"(-&2$3(C1"'(3*-36-*0$'2(&6+(#*+$&6%(0"%0(%0*0$%0$3%(
0&("#*-6*0"(1&C(-$P"-/($0($%(01*0(C"a4(&,%"+#"(*(0"%0(%0*0$%0$3(01$%(
-*+2"($5(&6+('6--(1/<&01"%$%($%(0+6"(
§
○
-
=&<6-*0$&'%(*'4(S*;<-"%(
=&<6-*0$&'(
T&--"30$&'(&5(6'$0%(C"(C*'0(0&(2"'"+*-$%"(&6+(5$'4$'2%(0&(?"828(<"&<-"9(
;"'9(C&;"'9(3*0%9(3$0$"%("30@(
○
-
S*;<-"(
S;*--"+(%*;<-"(&5(01"(<&<6-*0$&'(01*0(*+"(6%"4(0&($'5"+(31*+*30"+$%0$3%(
*,&60(01"(<&<6-*0$&'
○
-
I6--(b/<&01"%$%(R"%0$'2(
F"(;*P"($'5"+"'3"%(*,&60(01"("55"30%(&5(*(;*'$<6-*0$&'(&'(01"(<&<6-*0$&'9(
,*%"4(&'4*0*(2*01"+"4(5+&;(*(%*;<-"(
78289(*+"(,-*3P(3*0%(5+$"'4-$"+(01*'(2$'2"+(3*0%c
○
-
V"'"+*0"(1/<&01"%"%
I6--(1/<&01"%$%(b\Y(dMJ(d[
○
.-0"+'*0$#"(1/<&01"%$%(
I&'4$+"3e&'*-Y(bMY(dM(Jf(d[(
§
E$+"30$&'*-Y(bMY(dM(g(d[(
§
○
-
S"-"30(3+$0$3*-(+"2$&'(
E"<"'4%(&'(&6+(%$2'$5$3*'0(-"#"-(?h@
○
W%6*--/(6%"(aJ(8\N(
○
-
V*01"+(4*0*9(3&;<60"(%0*0$%0$3
"8289(*(0(0"%0(?&,%"+#"4(4$55"+"'3"(,"0C""'(;"*'%(+"-*0$#"(0&(
○
-
01"(%0*'4*+4("++&+@(
G*P"(*(4"3$%$&'(
T&;<*+"(01"(0"%0(%0*0$%0$3(?0&,0@(C$01(*(3+$0$3*-(%0*0$%0$3(?03+$0
>5(i0&,0i($%(2+"*0"+(01*'(03+$09(+"D"30('6--(1/<&01"%$%(
?%$2'$5$3*'0("55"30@
§
>5('&09(+"0*$'('6--(1/<&01"%$%(
§
○
-
!7A*;$'"(01"(<(#*-6"
!<(-"%%(01*'(8\N($%(%$2'$5$3*'0(?+"D"30('6--@(
L'"(*'4(0C&K0*$-"4(0"%0%(
L'"K0*$-"4(0"%0%(;*P"($0("*%$"+(0&(5$'4(*(%$2'$5$3*'0(+"%6-09(,/
-&C"+$'2(01"(3+$0"+$&'(?D6%0(-&&P$'2(*0(&'"(%$4"(&5(4$%0+$,60$&'@
RC&K0*$-"4 0"%0%(*+"(;&+"(j+$2&+&6%k
§
L'"K0*$-"4 0"%0%(*+"(;&+"(j%"'%$0$#"k(
§
l
W'-"%%(01"+"($%(*(%0+&'2(4$+"30$&'*-(<+"4$30$&'($0($%(;&+"
*<<+&<+$*0"(0&(6%"(0C&K0*$-"4(0"%0%(
l
R/<"(>(*'4(R/<"(>>(7++&+%(
R/<"(M("++&+(?h@(
F1"'(C"(,"-$"#"(01"+"($%(*'("55"30($'(01"(<&<6-*0$&'9(C1"'($'(5*30(
01"+"($%('&0(
l
R1"(<+&,*,$-$0/(&5(01$% &336++$'2($%(P'&C'(*%(hK -"#"-(?*-<1*@(
((((((((((((((K 0/<$3*--/(%"0(*0(8\N(
l
R/<"(>>("++&+(?m@(
!F1"'(C"(,"-$"#"(01"+"($%('&0(*'("55"30($'(01"(<&<6-*0$&'9(C1"'($'(5*30(
01"+"($%(
!R1"(<+&,*,$-$0/(&5(01$% &336++$'2($%(P'&C'(*%(mK -"#"-(?,"0*@(
!4"<"'4%(&'(1&C(;631 <&C"+(/&6(1*#"(0&(4"0"30(/&6+("55"30(
?%*;<-"(%$O"9("55"30(%$O"9("038@(
E"3$%$&'("++&+%(
!>5(b\($%(0+6"($'(01"(<&<6-*0$&'(
!G&%0(&5(01"(0$;"9(C"(C$-- 3&++"30-/(4"3$4"(01"+"($%('&("55"30(?5*$-(0&(
+"D"30(b\@(
!b&C"#"+9(01"+"($%(*(%;*-- 31*'3"(&5(0/<"(>("++&+8(F"(3&'0+&-(01$%(
C1"'(C"(%"0(a
E"3$%$&'("++&+%(
F"(*-%&('""4(0&(01$'P(*,&60 *'&01"+(P$'4(&5("++&+(l
>5(01"('6--($%(5*-%"(
!F"(C*'0(0&(;*P"(01"(+$210 4"3$%$&'(*'4(+"D"30(b\(
l
>'4"<"'4"'0(%*;<-"%(0K0"%0(
!T&;<*+"(0C&(;"*'%(01*0 3&;"(5+&;(4$55"+"'0(2+&6<%(&5(<*+0$3$<*'0%(
!G"*%6+"(0C&(2+&6<%(&' 01"(%*;"(E)(*'4(3&;<*+"(;"*'%(
!7*31(<"+%&'($%(0$;"4 +"*4$'2($'("$01"+(01"(-&64(&+(:6$"0(3&'4$0$&'(
!T&;<*+"(01"(5+$"'4-$'"%% &5(0C&(0/<"%(&5(3*0%(?,-*3P9(2$'2"+@(
=*$+"4(%*;<-"%H+"<"*0"4(;"*%6+"%(0K0"%0(
!T&;<*+"(0C&(%"0%(&5 %3&+"%(01*0(3&;"(5+&;(01"(%*;"(<*+0$3$<*'0%(
!G"*%6+"("*31(<*+0$3$<*'0 0C$3"(&'(01"(%*;"(E)9("A*;$'"(01"(
*#"+*2"(4$55"+"'3"($'(%3&+"%(
!7*31(<"+%&'($'(0$;"4 +"*4$'2($'(,&01(01"(-&64(*'4(:6$"0(3&'4$0$&'%(
!R"%0("*31(3*0%(5+$"'4-$'"%% 0C$3"Y(C$01(*'4(C$01&60(3*0'$<(
T&++"-*0$&'
F$01(0(0"%0%9(C"(1*#"(*(3*0"2&+$3*-(>)(*'4(*(3&'0$'6&6%(E)(l
S&;"0$;"%(C"(C*'0(0&(-&&P(*0(01"(+"-*0$&'%1$<(,"0C""'(0C&(4$55"+"'0
3&'0$'6&6%(#*+$*,-"%(
>%(1"$210(3&++"-*0"4(C$01(C"$210c(
○
>%(%$2'*06+"(%$O"(3&++"-*0"4(C$01(%"-5K"%0"";c(
○
l
G"*%6+"("*31(<"+%&'(&'("*31(&5(01"%"(#*+$*,-"%(*'4("A*;$'" C1"01"+(,"$'2(
*,&#"H,"-&C(01"(;"*'(&'(&'"(#*+$*,-"(?"8289(1"$210@($%(*%%&3$*0"4(C$01(,"$'2(
*,&#"H,"-&C(01"(;"*'(&'(01"(&01"+(#*+$*,-"%(?"8289(C"$210@(
l
T&++"-*0$&'%(0"--(6%(01"(4$+"30$&'(*'4(%0+"'201(&5(01"(+"-*0$&'%1$< ,"0C""'(
0C&(#*+$*,-"%(
E$+"30$&'($%(2$#"'(,/(%$2'(&5(01"(3&++"-*0$&'(3&"55$3$"'0(?n(&+(K@(
=&%$0$#"(?*%(o($'3+"*%"%9(p($'3+"*%"%@(
§
I"2*0$#"(?*%(o($'3+"*%"%9(p(4"3+"*%"%@(
§
○
S0+"'201($%(2$#"'(,/(01"(*,%&-60"(#*-6"(&5(01"(3&++"-*0$&'(3&"55$3$"'0(
T-&%"+(0&(iMi9(%0+&'2"+(+"-*0$&'%1$<(
§
T-&%"+(0&(\9(C"*P"+(+"-*0$&'%1$<(
§
○
l
Lecture 1
R6"%4*/9([q(U",+6*+/([\Mr
sY[r(=G
!"#$%$&'(
)*+$*,-"%(
.'/01$'2(01*0(3*'(31*'2"(&+(1*#"(4$55"+"'0(#*-6"%(
78289(-&64(&+(:6$"0("'#$+&';"'0(
○
-
!"%<&'%"(#*+$*,-"%(
!"*30$&'(0$;"9(1"-<$'2(,"1*#$&6+(
○
-
=*+0$3$<*'0(#*+$*,-"%(
="+%&'*-$0/(
○
-
>'4"<"'4"'0(#*+$*,-"(?>)@(
>)($%(;*'$<6-*0"4(,/("A<"+$;"'0"+(
○
B"0C""'(%6,D"30%(4"%$2'(
!*'4&;-/(*%%$2'(<*+0$3$<*'0%(0&(4$55"+"'0(-"#"-%(&5(01"(>)(
§
E$55"+"'0(<*+0$3$<*'0%(*+"($'(01"(4$55"+"'0(3&'4$0$&'%(
§
○
F$01$'(%6,D"30%(4"%$2'(
7*31(<*+0$3$<*'0(2&"%(01+&621("#"+/(-"#"-(&5(>)
§
!*'4&;-/(*%%$2'(<*+0$3$<*'0%(0&(*'(&+4"+(
§
G&+"(%0*0$%30$3(3&;<*0*,-"(*%(3&;<*+$'2(<"&<-"(0&(01";%"-#"%(
§
○
-
E"<"'4"'0(#*+$*,-"(?E)@
>%(;"*%6+"4(46+$'2H*50"+("A<&%6+"(0&(>)(
○
-
I&;$'*-(J('*;"%(0&(2+&6<%(K 3*'0(0&(*'/01$'2(C$01(01"('6;,"+%
L+4$'*-(J(/&6(3*'(3&4"(01";(,60(/&6(3*'0(1*#"(01"(%*;"($'0"+#*-%(K 3*'0(4&(
;631(C$01
>'0"+#*-(J(+*0$'2(01$'2%(&'(%3*-"%(MKN(K ":6*-(4$55"+"'3"%(K '&(0+6"(O"+&
!*0$&(J(4&"%($0(;*P"(%"'%"(0&(1*#"(0C$3"%(*%(;631(*%(%&;"01$'2("-%"($5(%&($0Q%(
*(+*0$&(?0$;"@
R/<"(&5(S0*0$%0$3%(
E"%3+$<0$#"(%0*0$%0$3
E"%3+$,"("%%"'0$*-(31*+*30"+$%0$3%(&5(4*0*(K 4"%3+$,$'2(/&6+(%*;<-"
E$%0+$,60$&'(
§
T"'0+*-(0"'4"'3/(
§
E$%<"+%$&'H#*+$*,$-$0/(
§
○
-
>'5"+"'0$*-(S0*0$%0$3%(
>'5"+(31*+*30"+$%0$3%(&5(01"(<&<6-*0$&'(5+&;(01"(31*+*30"+$%0$3%(&5(*(
%*;<-"(
○
-
E$%0+$,60$&'
U+":6"'3/(4$%0+$,60$&'(
V+*<1(C1$31(<-&0%(01"(5+":6"'3/(&5(*(%3&+"(&336+$'2(
○
W%"56-(5&+(*%%"%%$'2(01"(4$%0+$,60$&'(&5(%3&+"%(
○
-
I&+;*-(4$%0+$,60$&'
G*'/(%0*0$%0$3*-(0"%0%(*%%6;"(*('&+;*-(4$%0+$,60$&'
○
S/;;"0+$3*-9(,"--K%1*<"4(*'4(6'$;&4*-(
○
-
X6+0&%$%
X6+0&%$%Y(4"2+""(0&(C1$31(%3&+"%(3-6%0"+(*0(01("'4%(?$8"89(0*$-@(&5(*(4$%0+$,60$&'(
*'4(1&C(<&$'0/(01"(4$%0+$,60$&'($%(
-
=&%$0$#"(P6+0&%$%H-"<0&P6+0$3(4$%0+$,60$&'(
Z&'2(0*$-%9(<&$'0/(4$%0+$,60$&'(
○
-
I"2$0$#"(P6+0&%$%H(<-*/P6+0$3(4$%0+$,60$&'(
S1&+0(0*$-%9(5-*0(4$%0+$,60$&'(
○
-
G&4*-(T1*+*30"+$%0$3%(
W'$;&4"-Y(&'"(<+&;$'"'0(1$21(<&$'0(
-
B$;&4"-Y(0C&(<+&;$'"'0(1$21(<&$'0%(
-
G6-$;&4"-Y(;6-0$<-"(<+&;$'"'0(1$21(<&$'0%(
-
T"'0+*-(0"'4"'3/(
G&4"
G&%0(5+":6"'0(%3&+"
○
-
G"4$*'(
G$44-"(%3&+"(
○
-
G"*'(
.#"+*2"(
○
-
E$%<"+%$&'(
E$%<"+%$&'(+"5"+(0&(01"(#*+$*,$-$0/(&+(%<+"*4(&5(%3&+"%($'(01"(4*0*(
-
G"*%6+"%(&5(4$%<"+%$&'(
!*'2"(?4$55"+"'3"(,"0C""'(1$21"%0(*'4(-&C"%0@
○
>'0"+:6*+0$-"(+*'2"(
○
S6;(&5(%:6*+"%(?SS@(
○
)*+$*'3"(?S[@
○
S0*'4*+4(4"#$*0$&'(?%(&+(SE@
○
-
=+&,*,$-$0/(4$%0+$,60$&'(
U+":6"'3/(4$%0+$,60$&'%(3*'(,"(6%"4(0&(4"0"+;$'"(1&C(-$P"-/($0($%(01*0(
<*+0$36-*+(%3&+"(&336++"4(
-
T*-36-*0"(01"(<+&,*,$-$0/(&5(2"00$'2(*(<*+0$36-*+(%3&+"(,*%"4(&'(01"(5+":6"'3/(
&5(01"(%3&+"(
-
S0*0$%0$3$*'%(1*#"(3*-36-*0"4(01"(<+&,*,$-$0/(&5(%3&+"%(&336++$'2($'(*('&+;*-(
4$%0+$,60$&'(C$01(*(;"*'(&5(\(*'4(%0*'4*+4(4"#$*0$&'(&5(M(
-
.'/(4*0*(%"0(3*'(,"(3&'#"+0"4(0&(1*#"(*(;"*'(&5(\(*'4(*(%0*'4*+4(4"#$*0$&'(
&5(M
-
]K%3&+"%(
F"(3*'(%0*'4*+4$%"("*31(%3&+"($'0&(*(OK%3&+"(,/(%6,0+*30$'2(01"(;"*'(*'4(
4$#$4$'2(,/(01"(%0*'4*+4(4"#$*0$&'(
.(OK%3&+"%("A<+"%%"%(*(%3&+"($'(0"+;%(&5(1&C(;*'/(%0*'4*+4(4"#$*0$&'%(
$0($%(*C*/(5+&;(01"(;"*'(
>'(*('&+;*-(4$%0+$,60$&'9(^N_(&5(01"(%3&+"%(*+"(2&$'2(0&(5*--(C$01$'(
M8^`SE(&5(01"(;"*'(
§
S3&+"%(;&+"(01*'(M8^`(SE(5+&;(01"(;"*'($'("$01"+(4$+"30$&'(*+"(
+*+"(
§
F"(6%"(01"(%*;"(-&2$3(C1"'(3*-36-*0$'2(&6+(#*+$&6%(0"%0(%0*0$%0$3%(
0&("#*-6*0"(1&C(-$P"-/($0($%(01*0(C"a4(&,%"+#"(*(0"%0(%0*0$%0$3(01$%(
-*+2"($5(&6+('6--(1/<&01"%$%($%(0+6"(
§
○
-
=&<6-*0$&'%(*'4(S*;<-"%(
=&<6-*0$&'(
T&--"30$&'(&5(6'$0%(C"(C*'0(0&(2"'"+*-$%"(&6+(5$'4$'2%(0&(?"828(<"&<-"9(
;"'9(C&;"'9(3*0%9(3$0$"%("30@(
○
-
S*;<-"(
S;*--"+(%*;<-"(&5(01"(<&<6-*0$&'(01*0(*+"(6%"4(0&($'5"+(31*+*30"+$%0$3%(
*,&60(01"(<&<6-*0$&'
○
-
I6--(b/<&01"%$%(R"%0$'2(
F"(;*P"($'5"+"'3"%(*,&60(01"("55"30%(&5(*(;*'$<6-*0$&'(&'(01"(<&<6-*0$&'9(
,*%"4(&'4*0*(2*01"+"4(5+&;(*(%*;<-"(
78289(*+"(,-*3P(3*0%(5+$"'4-$"+(01*'(2$'2"+(3*0%c
○
-
V"'"+*0"(1/<&01"%"%
I6--(1/<&01"%$%(b\Y(dMJ(d[
○
.-0"+'*0$#"(1/<&01"%$%(
I&'4$+"3e&'*-Y(bMY(dM(Jf(d[(
§
E$+"30$&'*-Y(bMY(dM(g(d[(
§
○
-
S"-"30(3+$0$3*-(+"2$&'(
E"<"'4%(&'(&6+(%$2'$5$3*'0(-"#"-(?h@
○
W%6*--/(6%"(aJ(8\N(
○
-
V*01"+(4*0*9(3&;<60"(%0*0$%0$3
"8289(*(0(0"%0(?&,%"+#"4(4$55"+"'3"(,"0C""'(;"*'%(+"-*0$#"(0&(
○
-
01"(%0*'4*+4("++&+@(
G*P"(*(4"3$%$&'(
T&;<*+"(01"(0"%0(%0*0$%0$3(?0&,0@(C$01(*(3+$0$3*-(%0*0$%0$3(?03+$0
>5(i0&,0i($%(2+"*0"+(01*'(03+$09(+"D"30('6--(1/<&01"%$%(
?%$2'$5$3*'0("55"30@
§
>5('&09(+"0*$'('6--(1/<&01"%$%(
§
○
-
!7A*;$'"(01"(<(#*-6"
!<(-"%%(01*'(8\N($%(%$2'$5$3*'0(?+"D"30('6--@(
L'"(*'4(0C&K0*$-"4(0"%0%(
L'"K0*$-"4(0"%0%(;*P"($0("*%$"+(0&(5$'4(*(%$2'$5$3*'0(+"%6-09(,/
-&C"+$'2(01"(3+$0"+$&'(?D6%0(-&&P$'2(*0(&'"(%$4"(&5(4$%0+$,60$&'@
RC&K0*$-"4 0"%0%(*+"(;&+"(j+$2&+&6%k
§
L'"K0*$-"4 0"%0%(*+"(;&+"(j%"'%$0$#"k(
§
l
W'-"%%(01"+"($%(*(%0+&'2(4$+"30$&'*-(<+"4$30$&'($0($%(;&+"
*<<+&<+$*0"(0&(6%"(0C&K0*$-"4(0"%0%(
l
R/<"(>(*'4(R/<"(>>(7++&+%(
R/<"(M("++&+(?h@(
F1"'(C"(,"-$"#"(01"+"($%(*'("55"30($'(01"(<&<6-*0$&'9(C1"'($'(5*30(
01"+"($%('&0(
l
R1"(<+&,*,$-$0/(&5(01$% &336++$'2($%(P'&C'(*%(hK -"#"-(?*-<1*@(
((((((((((((((K 0/<$3*--/(%"0(*0(8\N(
l
R/<"(>>("++&+(?m@(
!F1"'(C"(,"-$"#"(01"+"($%('&0(*'("55"30($'(01"(<&<6-*0$&'9(C1"'($'(5*30(
01"+"($%(
!R1"(<+&,*,$-$0/(&5(01$% &336++$'2($%(P'&C'(*%(mK -"#"-(?,"0*@(
!4"<"'4%(&'(1&C(;631 <&C"+(/&6(1*#"(0&(4"0"30(/&6+("55"30(
?%*;<-"(%$O"9("55"30(%$O"9("038@(
E"3$%$&'("++&+%(
!>5(b\($%(0+6"($'(01"(<&<6-*0$&'(
!G&%0(&5(01"(0$;"9(C"(C$-- 3&++"30-/(4"3$4"(01"+"($%('&("55"30(?5*$-(0&(
+"D"30(b\@(
!b&C"#"+9(01"+"($%(*(%;*-- 31*'3"(&5(0/<"(>("++&+8(F"(3&'0+&-(01$%(
C1"'(C"(%"0(a
E"3$%$&'("++&+%(
F"(*-%&('""4(0&(01$'P(*,&60 *'&01"+(P$'4(&5("++&+(l
>5(01"('6--($%(5*-%"(
!F"(C*'0(0&(;*P"(01"(+$210 4"3$%$&'(*'4(+"D"30(b\(
l
>'4"<"'4"'0(%*;<-"%(0K0"%0(
!T&;<*+"(0C&(;"*'%(01*0 3&;"(5+&;(4$55"+"'0(2+&6<%(&5(<*+0$3$<*'0%(
!G"*%6+"(0C&(2+&6<%(&' 01"(%*;"(E)(*'4(3&;<*+"(;"*'%(
!7*31(<"+%&'($%(0$;"4 +"*4$'2($'("$01"+(01"(-&64(&+(:6$"0(3&'4$0$&'(
!T&;<*+"(01"(5+$"'4-$'"%% &5(0C&(0/<"%(&5(3*0%(?,-*3P9(2$'2"+@(
=*$+"4(%*;<-"%H+"<"*0"4(;"*%6+"%(0K0"%0(
!T&;<*+"(0C&(%"0%(&5 %3&+"%(01*0(3&;"(5+&;(01"(%*;"(<*+0$3$<*'0%(
!G"*%6+"("*31(<*+0$3$<*'0 0C$3"(&'(01"(%*;"(E)9("A*;$'"(01"(
*#"+*2"(4$55"+"'3"($'(%3&+"%(
!7*31(<"+%&'($'(0$;"4 +"*4$'2($'(,&01(01"(-&64(*'4(:6$"0(3&'4$0$&'%(
!R"%0("*31(3*0%(5+$"'4-$'"%% 0C$3"Y(C$01(*'4(C$01&60(3*0'$<(
T&++"-*0$&'
F$01(0(0"%0%9(C"(1*#"(*(3*0"2&+$3*-(>)(*'4(*(3&'0$'6&6%(E)(l
S&;"0$;"%(C"(C*'0(0&(-&&P(*0(01"(+"-*0$&'%1$<(,"0C""'(0C&(4$55"+"'0
3&'0$'6&6%(#*+$*,-"%(
>%(1"$210(3&++"-*0"4(C$01(C"$210c(
○
>%(%$2'*06+"(%$O"(3&++"-*0"4(C$01(%"-5K"%0"";c(
○
l
G"*%6+"("*31(<"+%&'(&'("*31(&5(01"%"(#*+$*,-"%(*'4("A*;$'" C1"01"+(,"$'2(
*,&#"H,"-&C(01"(;"*'(&'(&'"(#*+$*,-"(?"8289(1"$210@($%(*%%&3$*0"4(C$01(,"$'2(
*,&#"H,"-&C(01"(;"*'(&'(01"(&01"+(#*+$*,-"%(?"8289(C"$210@(
l
T&++"-*0$&'%(0"--(6%(01"(4$+"30$&'(*'4(%0+"'201(&5(01"(+"-*0$&'%1$< ,"0C""'(
0C&(#*+$*,-"%(
E$+"30$&'($%(2$#"'(,/(%$2'(&5(01"(3&++"-*0$&'(3&"55$3$"'0(?n(&+(K@(
=&%$0$#"(?*%(o($'3+"*%"%9(p($'3+"*%"%@(
§
I"2*0$#"(?*%(o($'3+"*%"%9(p(4"3+"*%"%@(
§
○
S0+"'201($%(2$#"'(,/(01"(*,%&-60"(#*-6"(&5(01"(3&++"-*0$&'(3&"55$3$"'0(
T-&%"+(0&(iMi9(%0+&'2"+(+"-*0$&'%1$<(
§
T-&%"+(0&(\9(C"*P"+(+"-*0$&'%1$<(
§
○
l
Lecture 1
R6"%4*/9([q(U",+6*+/([\Mr sY[r(=G
!"#$%$&'(
)*+$*,-"%(
.'/01$'2(01*0(3*'(31*'2"(&+(1*#"(4$55"+"'0(#*-6"%(
78289(-&64(&+(:6$"0("'#$+&';"'0(
○
-
!"%<&'%"(#*+$*,-"%(
!"*30$&'(0$;"9(1"-<$'2(,"1*#$&6+(
○
-
=*+0$3$<*'0(#*+$*,-"%(
="+%&'*-$0/(
○
-
>'4"<"'4"'0(#*+$*,-"(?>)@(
>)($%(;*'$<6-*0"4(,/("A<"+$;"'0"+(
○
B"0C""'(%6,D"30%(4"%$2'(
!*'4&;-/(*%%$2'(<*+0$3$<*'0%(0&(4$55"+"'0(-"#"-%(&5(01"(>)(
§
E$55"+"'0(<*+0$3$<*'0%(*+"($'(01"(4$55"+"'0(3&'4$0$&'%(
§
○
F$01$'(%6,D"30%(4"%$2'(
7*31(<*+0$3$<*'0(2&"%(01+&621("#"+/(-"#"-(&5(>)
§
!*'4&;-/(*%%$2'(<*+0$3$<*'0%(0&(*'(&+4"+(
§
G&+"(%0*0$%30$3(3&;<*0*,-"(*%(3&;<*+$'2(<"&<-"(0&(01";%"-#"%(
§
○
-
E"<"'4"'0(#*+$*,-"(?E)@
>%(;"*%6+"4(46+$'2H*50"+("A<&%6+"(0&(>)(
○
-
I&;$'*-(J('*;"%(0&(2+&6<%(K 3*'0(0&(*'/01$'2(C$01(01"('6;,"+%
L+4$'*-(J(/&6(3*'(3&4"(01";(,60(/&6(3*'0(1*#"(01"(%*;"($'0"+#*-%(K 3*'0(4&(
;631(C$01
>'0"+#*-(J(+*0$'2(01$'2%(&'(%3*-"%(MKN(K ":6*-(4$55"+"'3"%(K '&(0+6"(O"+&
!*0$&(J(4&"%($0(;*P"(%"'%"(0&(1*#"(0C$3"%(*%(;631(*%(%&;"01$'2("-%"($5(%&($0Q%(
*(+*0$&(?0$;"@
R/<"(&5(S0*0$%0$3%(
E"%3+$<0$#"(%0*0$%0$3
E"%3+$,"("%%"'0$*-(31*+*30"+$%0$3%(&5(4*0*(K 4"%3+$,$'2(/&6+(%*;<-"
E$%0+$,60$&'(
§
T"'0+*-(0"'4"'3/(
§
E$%<"+%$&'H#*+$*,$-$0/(
§
○
-
>'5"+"'0$*-(S0*0$%0$3%(
>'5"+(31*+*30"+$%0$3%(&5(01"(<&<6-*0$&'(5+&;(01"(31*+*30"+$%0$3%(&5(*(
%*;<-"(
○
-
E$%0+$,60$&'
U+":6"'3/(4$%0+$,60$&'(
V+*<1(C1$31(<-&0%(01"(5+":6"'3/(&5(*(%3&+"(&336+$'2(
○
W%"56-(5&+(*%%"%%$'2(01"(4$%0+$,60$&'(&5(%3&+"%(
○
-
I&+;*-(4$%0+$,60$&'
G*'/(%0*0$%0$3*-(0"%0%(*%%6;"(*('&+;*-(4$%0+$,60$&'
○
S/;;"0+$3*-9(,"--K%1*<"4(*'4(6'$;&4*-(
○
-
X6+0&%$%
X6+0&%$%Y(4"2+""(0&(C1$31(%3&+"%(3-6%0"+(*0(01("'4%(?$8"89(0*$-@(&5(*(4$%0+$,60$&'(
*'4(1&C(<&$'0/(01"(4$%0+$,60$&'($%(
-
=&%$0$#"(P6+0&%$%H-"<0&P6+0$3(4$%0+$,60$&'(
Z&'2(0*$-%9(<&$'0/(4$%0+$,60$&'(
○
-
I"2$0$#"(P6+0&%$%H(<-*/P6+0$3(4$%0+$,60$&'(
S1&+0(0*$-%9(5-*0(4$%0+$,60$&'(
○
-
G&4*-(T1*+*30"+$%0$3%(
W'$;&4"-Y(&'"(<+&;$'"'0(1$21(<&$'0(
-
B$;&4"-Y(0C&(<+&;$'"'0(1$21(<&$'0%(
-
G6-$;&4"-Y(;6-0$<-"(<+&;$'"'0(1$21(<&$'0%(
-
T"'0+*-(0"'4"'3/(
G&4"
G&%0(5+":6"'0(%3&+"
○
-
G"4$*'(
G$44-"(%3&+"(
○
-
G"*'(
.#"+*2"(
○
-
E$%<"+%$&'(
E$%<"+%$&'(+"5"+(0&(01"(#*+$*,$-$0/(&+(%<+"*4(&5(%3&+"%($'(01"(4*0*(
-
G"*%6+"%(&5(4$%<"+%$&'(
!*'2"(?4$55"+"'3"(,"0C""'(1$21"%0(*'4(-&C"%0@
○
>'0"+:6*+0$-"(+*'2"(
○
S6;(&5(%:6*+"%(?SS@(
○
)*+$*'3"(?S[@
○
S0*'4*+4(4"#$*0$&'(?%(&+(SE@
○
-
=+&,*,$-$0/(4$%0+$,60$&'(
U+":6"'3/(4$%0+$,60$&'%(3*'(,"(6%"4(0&(4"0"+;$'"(1&C(-$P"-/($0($%(01*0(
<*+0$36-*+(%3&+"(&336++"4(
-
T*-36-*0"(01"(<+&,*,$-$0/(&5(2"00$'2(*(<*+0$36-*+(%3&+"(,*%"4(&'(01"(5+":6"'3/(
&5(01"(%3&+"(
-
S0*0$%0$3$*'%(1*#"(3*-36-*0"4(01"(<+&,*,$-$0/(&5(%3&+"%(&336++$'2($'(*('&+;*-(
4$%0+$,60$&'(C$01(*(;"*'(&5(\(*'4(%0*'4*+4(4"#$*0$&'(&5(M(
-
.'/(4*0*(%"0(3*'(,"(3&'#"+0"4(0&(1*#"(*(;"*'(&5(\(*'4(*(%0*'4*+4(4"#$*0$&'(
&5(M
-
]K%3&+"%(
F"(3*'(%0*'4*+4$%"("*31(%3&+"($'0&(*(OK%3&+"(,/(%6,0+*30$'2(01"(;"*'(*'4(
4$#$4$'2(,/(01"(%0*'4*+4(4"#$*0$&'(
.(OK%3&+"%("A<+"%%"%(*(%3&+"($'(0"+;%(&5(1&C(;*'/(%0*'4*+4(4"#$*0$&'%(
$0($%(*C*/(5+&;(01"(;"*'(
>'(*('&+;*-(4$%0+$,60$&'9(^N_(&5(01"(%3&+"%(*+"(2&$'2(0&(5*--(C$01$'(
M8^`SE(&5(01"(;"*'(
§
S3&+"%(;&+"(01*'(M8^`(SE(5+&;(01"(;"*'($'("$01"+(4$+"30$&'(*+"(
+*+"(
§
F"(6%"(01"(%*;"(-&2$3(C1"'(3*-36-*0$'2(&6+(#*+$&6%(0"%0(%0*0$%0$3%(
0&("#*-6*0"(1&C(-$P"-/($0($%(01*0(C"a4(&,%"+#"(*(0"%0(%0*0$%0$3(01$%(
-*+2"($5(&6+('6--(1/<&01"%$%($%(0+6"(
§
○
-
=&<6-*0$&'%(*'4(S*;<-"%(
=&<6-*0$&'(
T&--"30$&'(&5(6'$0%(C"(C*'0(0&(2"'"+*-$%"(&6+(5$'4$'2%(0&(?"828(<"&<-"9(
;"'9(C&;"'9(3*0%9(3$0$"%("30@(
○
-
S*;<-"(
S;*--"+(%*;<-"(&5(01"(<&<6-*0$&'(01*0(*+"(6%"4(0&($'5"+(31*+*30"+$%0$3%(
*,&60(01"(<&<6-*0$&'
○
-
I6--(b/<&01"%$%(R"%0$'2(
F"(;*P"($'5"+"'3"%(*,&60(01"("55"30%(&5(*(;*'$<6-*0$&'(&'(01"(<&<6-*0$&'9(
,*%"4(&'4*0*(2*01"+"4(5+&;(*(%*;<-"(
78289(*+"(,-*3P(3*0%(5+$"'4-$"+(01*'(2$'2"+(3*0%c
○
-
V"'"+*0"(1/<&01"%"%
I6--(1/<&01"%$%(b\Y(dMJ(d[
○
.-0"+'*0$#"(1/<&01"%$%(
I&'4$+"3e&'*-Y(bMY(dM(Jf(d[(
§
E$+"30$&'*-Y(bMY(dM(g(d[(
§
○
-
S"-"30(3+$0$3*-(+"2$&'(
E"<"'4%(&'(&6+(%$2'$5$3*'0(-"#"-(?h@
○
W%6*--/(6%"(aJ(8\N(
○
-
V*01"+(4*0*9(3&;<60"(%0*0$%0$3
"8289(*(0(0"%0(?&,%"+#"4(4$55"+"'3"(,"0C""'(;"*'%(+"-*0$#"(0&(
○
-
01"(%0*'4*+4("++&+@(
G*P"(*(4"3$%$&'(
T&;<*+"(01"(0"%0(%0*0$%0$3(?0&,0@(C$01(*(3+$0$3*-(%0*0$%0$3(?03+$0
>5(i0&,0i($%(2+"*0"+(01*'(03+$09(+"D"30('6--(1/<&01"%$%(
?%$2'$5$3*'0("55"30@
§
>5('&09(+"0*$'('6--(1/<&01"%$%(
§
○
-
!7A*;$'"(01"(<(#*-6"
!<(-"%%(01*'(8\N($%(%$2'$5$3*'0(?+"D"30('6--@(
L'"(*'4(0C&K0*$-"4(0"%0%(
L'"K0*$-"4(0"%0%(;*P"($0("*%$"+(0&(5$'4(*(%$2'$5$3*'0(+"%6-09(,/
-&C"+$'2(01"(3+$0"+$&'(?D6%0(-&&P$'2(*0(&'"(%$4"(&5(4$%0+$,60$&'@
RC&K0*$-"4 0"%0%(*+"(;&+"(j+$2&+&6%k
§
L'"K0*$-"4 0"%0%(*+"(;&+"(j%"'%$0$#"k(
§
l
W'-"%%(01"+"($%(*(%0+&'2(4$+"30$&'*-(<+"4$30$&'($0($%(;&+"
*<<+&<+$*0"(0&(6%"(0C&K0*$-"4(0"%0%(
l
R/<"(>(*'4(R/<"(>>(7++&+%(
R/<"(M("++&+(?h@(
F1"'(C"(,"-$"#"(01"+"($%(*'("55"30($'(01"(<&<6-*0$&'9(C1"'($'(5*30(
01"+"($%('&0(
l
R1"(<+&,*,$-$0/(&5(01$% &336++$'2($%(P'&C'(*%(hK -"#"-(?*-<1*@(
((((((((((((((K 0/<$3*--/(%"0(*0(8\N(
l
R/<"(>>("++&+(?m@(
!F1"'(C"(,"-$"#"(01"+"($%('&0(*'("55"30($'(01"(<&<6-*0$&'9(C1"'($'(5*30(
01"+"($%(
!R1"(<+&,*,$-$0/(&5(01$% &336++$'2($%(P'&C'(*%(mK -"#"-(?,"0*@(
!4"<"'4%(&'(1&C(;631 <&C"+(/&6(1*#"(0&(4"0"30(/&6+("55"30(
?%*;<-"(%$O"9("55"30(%$O"9("038@(
E"3$%$&'("++&+%(
!>5(b\($%(0+6"($'(01"(<&<6-*0$&'(
!G&%0(&5(01"(0$;"9(C"(C$-- 3&++"30-/(4"3$4"(01"+"($%('&("55"30(?5*$-(0&(
+"D"30(b\@(
!b&C"#"+9(01"+"($%(*(%;*-- 31*'3"(&5(0/<"(>("++&+8(F"(3&'0+&-(01$%(
C1"'(C"(%"0(a
E"3$%$&'("++&+%(
F"(*-%&('""4(0&(01$'P(*,&60 *'&01"+(P$'4(&5("++&+(l
>5(01"('6--($%(5*-%"(
!F"(C*'0(0&(;*P"(01"(+$210 4"3$%$&'(*'4(+"D"30(b\(
l
>'4"<"'4"'0(%*;<-"%(0K0"%0(
!T&;<*+"(0C&(;"*'%(01*0 3&;"(5+&;(4$55"+"'0(2+&6<%(&5(<*+0$3$<*'0%(
!G"*%6+"(0C&(2+&6<%(&' 01"(%*;"(E)(*'4(3&;<*+"(;"*'%(
!7*31(<"+%&'($%(0$;"4 +"*4$'2($'("$01"+(01"(-&64(&+(:6$"0(3&'4$0$&'(
!T&;<*+"(01"(5+$"'4-$'"%% &5(0C&(0/<"%(&5(3*0%(?,-*3P9(2$'2"+@(
=*$+"4(%*;<-"%H+"<"*0"4(;"*%6+"%(0K0"%0(
!T&;<*+"(0C&(%"0%(&5 %3&+"%(01*0(3&;"(5+&;(01"(%*;"(<*+0$3$<*'0%(
!G"*%6+"("*31(<*+0$3$<*'0 0C$3"(&'(01"(%*;"(E)9("A*;$'"(01"(
*#"+*2"(4$55"+"'3"($'(%3&+"%(
!7*31(<"+%&'($'(0$;"4 +"*4$'2($'(,&01(01"(-&64(*'4(:6$"0(3&'4$0$&'%(
!R"%0("*31(3*0%(5+$"'4-$'"%% 0C$3"Y(C$01(*'4(C$01&60(3*0'$<(
T&++"-*0$&'
F$01(0(0"%0%9(C"(1*#"(*(3*0"2&+$3*-(>)(*'4(*(3&'0$'6&6%(E)(l
S&;"0$;"%(C"(C*'0(0&(-&&P(*0(01"(+"-*0$&'%1$<(,"0C""'(0C&(4$55"+"'0
3&'0$'6&6%(#*+$*,-"%(
>%(1"$210(3&++"-*0"4(C$01(C"$210c(
○
>%(%$2'*06+"(%$O"(3&++"-*0"4(C$01(%"-5K"%0"";c(
○
l
G"*%6+"("*31(<"+%&'(&'("*31(&5(01"%"(#*+$*,-"%(*'4("A*;$'" C1"01"+(,"$'2(
*,&#"H,"-&C(01"(;"*'(&'(&'"(#*+$*,-"(?"8289(1"$210@($%(*%%&3$*0"4(C$01(,"$'2(
*,&#"H,"-&C(01"(;"*'(&'(01"(&01"+(#*+$*,-"%(?"8289(C"$210@(
l
T&++"-*0$&'%(0"--(6%(01"(4$+"30$&'(*'4(%0+"'201(&5(01"(+"-*0$&'%1$< ,"0C""'(
0C&(#*+$*,-"%(
E$+"30$&'($%(2$#"'(,/(%$2'(&5(01"(3&++"-*0$&'(3&"55$3$"'0(?n(&+(K@(
=&%$0$#"(?*%(o($'3+"*%"%9(p($'3+"*%"%@(
§
I"2*0$#"(?*%(o($'3+"*%"%9(p(4"3+"*%"%@(
§
○
S0+"'201($%(2$#"'(,/(01"(*,%&-60"(#*-6"(&5(01"(3&++"-*0$&'(3&"55$3$"'0(
T-&%"+(0&(iMi9(%0+&'2"+(+"-*0$&'%1$<(
§
T-&%"+(0&(\9(C"*P"+(+"-*0$&'%1$<(
§
○
l
Lecture 1
R6"%4*/9([q(U",+6*+/([\Mr sY[r(=G
Document Summary
Anything that can change or have different values. Randomly assign participants to different levels of the iv. Each participant goes through every level of iv. More statisctic compatable as comparing people to themselves. Nominal = names to groups - cant to anything with the numbers. Ordinal = you can code them but you cant have the same intervals - cant do much with. Interval = rating things on scales 1-5 - equal differences - no true zero. Ratio = does it make sense to have twices as much as something else if so it"s a ratio (time) Describe essential characteristics of data - describing your sample. Infer characteristics of the population from the characteristics of a sample. Graph which plots the frequency of a score occuring. Kurtosis: degree to which scores cluster at th ends (i. e. , tail) of a distribution and how pointy the distribution is. Dispersion refer to the variability or spread of scores in the data.
