HUMB1000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 32: Heredity, Karyotype, Chromosome
Document Summary
Deoxyribonucleic acid: genetic information contained in nucleus, contains genetic information for protein formation, approx. 23,000 genes in human genome: genes code for proteins, only 1. 5% of dna is due to genes. E. g. , regulatory sequences, introns, and noncoding dna. Double helix: sugar-phosphate backbone, complementary nitrogenous bases. Organisation of dna: double strand of dna, dna wrapped around proteins called histones, histones and dna bundled together. Chromatin: chromatin twists around to make chromosomes. How much dna is in a cell: each somatic human cell has two copies of chromosome. One you inherited from mum and one from dad: the maternal and paternal chromosomes of a pair are called homologous chromosomes (make "homologous pair, humans have 22 pairs of autosomal chromosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes. Women have 2 x chromosomes and men have an x and y: somatic cells with 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) are said to be diploid (have the full amount of. This kind of map is a karyotype.
