PATH1001 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Bronchiole, Pulmonary Heart Disease, Acinus
Document Summary
Emphysema (pathological def: the permanent enlargement of airspaces distal to terminal bronchioles & destruction of alveolar walls. Leads to: progressive dyspnea (shortness of breath) all the time, increased wob. Death results from: respiratory failure (type 2), right-sided heart failure, pneumothorax (build up of trapped gas until cause alveoli to pop: anatomic distribution. Irregular: clinical management doesn"t rely on precise anatomic diagnosis and classification. Centriacinar (centrilobular) emphysema: most common, affects central or proximal parts (tb) of acini formed by respiratory bronchioles, upper lobes particularly apical segment, large amounts of black pigment, distal alveoli spared. Panacinar (panlobular) emphysema: pan = entire acinus (not lung, from respiratory bronchiole (cid:314) erminal bronchiole, lower zones & anterior margins of lung (most severe at bases, assoc. with 1 an>trypsin deficiency, pm : large hyperinflated lungs may overlap heart. Bullae: any form of emphysema, large subpleural blebs or bullae, rupture to pneumothorax (air escaping from lung to intrapleural space caused from positive pressure)
