PATH1001 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Pulmonary Pleurae, Pleural Cavity, Intrapleural Pressure
Document Summary
Pleura: pleural sac encases each lung, parietal pleura, pleural cavity. Small amount of pleural fluid lubricates. A pressure gradient exists from the apex to the base of the lung. Intra-pleural pressure is lower than atmospheric: visceral pleura. Bronchopulmonary segments: triangular in shape, apex towards root of lung, base towards pleural surface. Right bronchopulmonary segment left bronchopulmonary segments: upper lobe. Obstructive: characterized by an increase in resistance to air flowing to complete or partial obstruction at any level (they can get air in but have trouble getting out) Restrictive: characterized by reduced expansion of lung parenchyma with decreased lung capacity (they have a problem with expanding their lungs/cant get the air in but can get it out) Decrease tlc (maybe due to problem with thoracic cage) Acute & chronic infiltrative diseases: acute respiratory distress syndrome (secondary consequence), Pulmonary oedema, chronic pneumoconiosis (result from breathing in dust) Disease state characterized by the presence of airflow obstruction that is not fully reversible.
