PSYC104 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Analytic Geometry, Ethics, Reductionism
21 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Week To Lecture – History and
Motiation
History
Principles of Newtonian Science:
1. God created, does not micromanage
2. The material world is governed by natural law
3. He rejected Aristotles fial cause cocept
4. Accepted Occas ‘azor
5. Knowledge is imperfect because of limitations of human beings
6. Classification is not understanding
Francis Bacon:
• Stressed observation of events
• No theories -induction instead
• Empirical observation is the ultimate authority
• Science endeavours should benefit society
Descartes:
• Invented analytic geometry
• Wanted to establish human knowledge in same certainty as mathematics
• Four rules:
o Avoid prejudgement
o Reductionism – dividing problems
o Analyse in order
o Be extremely thorough
• Humans and animals are similar
Locke:
• Dualist – but not interested in how mind and body work
• Opposed innate ideas
• Knowledge from experience
• Internal and external observations
• Humans motivated by seeking pleasure
Hume:
• Experience and observation
• Moral philosophy
• Observations -> then generalise
• Causal relationship is nothing more than consistent co-occurrence
• Causation -> psychological experience
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