SPED102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Multiple Comparisons Problem, Pareidolia, Motivated Reasoning
8 May 2018
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SPED102 Lecture
Week 12
XII: Putting it all Together
We can all be mislead
• We tend to rely on personal experience and judgement to make assessments and decisions
• Regardless of education, intelligence, or background - we can all be fooled
Why might we sometimes be misled?
• We are pattern seeking - we see them when they are not there
• Poor understanding of probability
• Memory is inherently flawed, unrealisable and vulnerable
• The power of belief and motivated reasoning
• Regardless of education, intelligence, or background - we can all be fooled
Cognitive biases
• Pareidolia
• Priming
• Misunderstanding of probability
More biases including memory biases
• Anchoring
• Framing
• Dunning-Kruger
• Confirmation bias
• Fallibility of memory
Science v pseudoscience
• Scientific approach
• Evidence
• Objectivity
• Falsification
• Transparency
• Replication
• Generality
• Cumulative
• Control
• Pseudoscience
• Reliance on authority
• Subjectivity
• Non-falsifiability
• Lack of transparency
• Failure to replicate
• Lack of generality
• Non-cumulative
• Lack of control or critical analysis
Pathological science and red flags
• Does the intervention make sense?
• Does the evidence rely exclusively on anecdotes and testimonials?
• Does the claim rely on ancient heritage, tradition or wisdom?
• Do claims rely on an appeal to popularity or authority?
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