GEOG30019 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Homo Economicus, Ecotourism, Ecosystem Services
6 Jun 2018
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LECTURE 6: NATURAL RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT
Goals: MDG's and SDG's
MDG's
• 8 goals, 2000-2015
• Signed by 189 countries
• Tool and framing to assess key elements of sustainable development
• Very broad - unattainable and measurable due to broadness - tools to measure, but not
effective
• Used to define where aid is received
• Success uneven, reported on a country basis, and cannot be detached from other programs
• Separation of environment and society, little weighting given to environmental issues
• Lead to promotion of environmental change and organisations
SDG's
• 17 goals, 2015-2030
• More environmental focus and approach to the goals
Critique of Goals Framing
• Top-down, with no negotiation
• National scale
• Quantitative, marker-orientated
• Normative
• Emphasis on developing nations, ignores growing inequalities and poverty in developed
nations
Natural Resources Management
• Managing ways in which people and natural landscapes interact. Encompasses the planning,
allocation, conservation and use of natural resources
• Resources: materials available in nature that are capable of being transformed into things of
utility to man
• Different ownership types: public, private, shared
• Different stakeholders view resources differently
Strategies for NRM
• Enclosures: protected areas and reserves, zonation
o Fortress conservation - community and co-management - neoliberal conservation
• Privatization: land ownership, user rights, resource quota
• Value-added processes: ecotourism, certification schemes, ecosystem services
Malthusian Theory of Population
• Malthus (1798): population grows exponentially, whilst food supply grows arithmetically
o Leading to scarcity resulting from growth - famine
• Neo-Malthusian: reproductive control, control growth, link resource scarcity to war and
conflict
o Homer-Dixon (2001): environment scarcity of renewable resources can contribute to
violence and conflict
• Critique: env conflict does not start with resource scarcity but relation between
nature and society
Document Summary
Mdg"s: 8 goals, 2000-2015, very broad - unattainable and measurable due to broadness - tools to measure, but not. Tool and framing to assess key elements of sustainable development effective: used to define where aid is received. Success uneven, reported on a country basis, and cannot be detached from other programs. Separation of environment and society, little weighting given to environmental issues. Lead to promotion of environmental change and organisations. Sdg"s: 17 goals, 2015-2030, more environmental focus and approach to the goals. Top-down, with no negotiation: national scale, quantitative, marker-orientated, normative. Emphasis on developing nations, ignores growing inequalities and poverty in developed nations. Natural resources management: managing ways in which people and natural landscapes interact. Encompasses the planning, allocation, conservation and use of natural resources: resources: materials available in nature that are capable of being transformed into things of utility to man, different ownership types: public, private, shared, different stakeholders view resources differently.
