MIIM20001 Lecture Notes - Lecture 24: Human Microbiota, Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, Mucous Membrane

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Bacterial pathogenesis: the mechanisms by which bacteria cause disease, target humans, animals and plants, 538 known bacterial pathogens, no longer overwhelming threat to human health they were once: Antibiotic era: remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Tuberculosis extremely drug resistant: significant drop in number of deaths caused by diseases over time. Global infectious disease deaths, by region 2004: significant disease burden in lower economic countries mostly due to aids & a lot caused by tuberculosis. The normal microbiota (normal flora, commensals, microbiome: bacteria, fungi and viruses. At lease as many microbial cells as human cells. Our microbiome carries ~100x genes than we have: abundant on (cid:494)surfaces(cid:495) Most abundant in colon a lot of bacteria about 1kg. Microbiome collection of genes encoded by all the microbes : unique and relatively stable, act synergistically with their host. We provide environment they help- defence against pathogens approximately 100x genes that we have in our chromosomes.

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