BMS1021 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Hypothalamus, Thermostat, Rodent
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8 Jul 2013
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First law (conservation of energy): energy can be transferred or transformed, but cannot be created or destroyed. Second law: entropy of the universe always increases and spontaneous processes increase entropy. Free energy (g) & free energy change ( g): Gibbs free energy g: energy available for work in a system of uniform temperature. Activation energy: the amount of energy required to start a reaction. Rate of reaction of an enzyme is affected by: Substrate concentration: [low]: increasing substrate speeds reaction, [high]: enzyme saturated. Allosteric enzymes can be activated and deactivated as required. Optimal temperature range for animals; thermo-neutral zone, most energetically efficient. Ectothermic: body heat derived from external sources - low metabolic rate. Endothermic: body temp determined by metabolically generated heat- high metabolic rate. Homeotherms: body temp does not vary with environment. Endothermy: greater environmental range, high and stable body temp, high metabolic rate, but there is an energy cost.
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