FIT2100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Tablet Computer, Job Scheduler, Input Device
30 May 2018
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Department
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WEEK 2
LECTURE 02 - OPERATING SYSTEMS CONT.
OUTCOMES:
•Understand the objectives and functions of an operating system
(OS)!
•Discuss the evolution of operating systems from simple batch
systems to modern complex systems!
•Discuss the key design areas of modern operating systems!
•Understand the OS architecture of Unix/Linux, Android, and
Windows!
What is an operating system?
•A program that controls the execution of application programs!
•An interface between applications and hardware!
•Main objective of OS:!
◦Convenience!
◦Efficiency!
◦Ability to evolve!
•Software: Application programs (user programs) → libraries/utilities
(system programs) → operating system!
•Hardware: execution hardware → memory translations → System
interconnect (bus) → I/O devices and networking → main memory!
•Operating System Services:!
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◦Program development!
◦Program execution!
◦Access I/O devices!
◦Controlled access to files!
◦System access!
◦Error detection and response!
◦Accounting!
What is the role of an operating system?
•A computer is a set of resources for the movement, storage, and
processing of data!
•The OS is responsible for managing these resources!
•The OS is in control of the computer’s basic functions!
OS: As Software:
•OS functions in the same way as ordinary computer software!
•Program, or suite of programs, executed by the processor!
•Frequently relinquishes control and must depend on the processor
to allow it to regain control!
OS provides instructions to the processor and directs the processor in
terms of the use of other system resources and the timing of execution for
other programs
OS: Other Terms:
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•Resource allocator:!
◦Manages and allocates resources to programs!
•Control program:!
◦Controls the execution of user programs and operation of I/O
devices!
•Kernel:!
◦The one program running at all times (all else being application
programs) → Unix/Linux OS!
The evolution of operating system
•A major OS will evolve over time for a number of reasons:!
◦Hardware upgrades!
◦New types of hardware!
◦New services!
◦Fixes!
•Serial processing → simple batch systems → multi-programmed
batch systems → time sharing systems!
•Serial Processing:!
◦Earliest Computers:!
▪No operating system: programmers interacted directly
with the computer hardware!
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Document Summary
A program that controls the execution of application programs. An interface between applications and hardware: main objective of os, convenience. Software: application programs (user programs) libraries/utilities (system programs) operating system: hardware: execution hardware memory translations system interconnect (bus) i/o devices and networking main memory, operating system services: Access i/o devices: controlled access to files. A computer is a set of resources for the movement, storage, and processing of data. The os is responsible for managing these resources. The os is in control of the computer"s basic functions. Os: as software: os functions in the same way as ordinary computer software. Program, or suite of programs, executed by the processor. Frequently relinquishes control and must depend on the processor to allow it to regain control. Os provides instructions to the processor and directs the processor in terms of the use of other system resources and the timing of execution for other programs.
