BIOL1900 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Observational Error, Concurrent Validity, Predictive Validity
Document Summary
Research as a science: science/common sense, objective data collection/subjective data collection, systematic observation/hit or miss observation, reliance on evidence/ignores counterevidence. Mere exposure effect: we prefer people and things we know. Chameleon effect: non-conscious mimicry of postures, expressions, behaviours of others, can lead to prosocial behaviours, waitress received significantly larger tips when she mimicked customers. Quantitative research: quantifying relationships between variables, measure variables on sample, express relationship - describe and explain. Independent: manipulated, x, does x cause y, dependent, control, outcome variable, y, does x cause y. Measurement: observe a phenomena - running around an oval, accept a nominal definition: conceptualise - aerobic fitness, accept a way of measureing: operationalise - count laps. Levels of measurement: more/less precise, more/less accurate, the more specific the question, the better you can analyse the data. Systematic error vs random error: systematic errors are repeated in the same way throughout an investigation, such as using a balance incorrectly in the same way for each measurement.
