BIOM3002 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Gastrointestinal Tract, Mesothelium, Histology
26 May 2018
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Department
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HISTOLOGY
HISTOLOGY LECTURE ONE
Orientation and directional references:
Superior – inferior
Cranial – caudal
Dorsal [posterior] - ventral [anterior]
Proximal – distal [limbs]
Medial – lateral
Superior – prone
Oral-aboral [gut tube]
Luminal/adluminal - abluminal [away from lumen]
Organ system: coordinated group of organs which produce a
defined function
Epithelium:
Covers surface body, body cavities, internal organs
Carcinomas [most frequent]
1. Protection against mechanical, chemical and biological
agents
2. Resorption: any substance entering/leaving body crosses
epithelium
3. Secretion: all glands are epithelial
4. Reception: sensory perception e.g. touch receptors
4 x major tissue types
Tissue: collection of cells with structural and functional
similarities and common origin
Histology = study of tissues
Epithelial tissue [covers surfaces]
Connective tissue [supports body]
Muscle tissue [movement]
Nerve [communication and control]
Epithelial membranes:
• Cutaneous membrane [skin/cutis] covers entire outer body
surface except eye
• Mucosa – covers body surfaces exposed to external
environment. Skin continuous with the mucosa of body
orifices.
• Serosa [mesothelium] covers body cavities [pleural,
pericardial, peritoneal] [not continuous with surroundings]
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Document Summary
Organ system: coordinated group of organs which produce a defined function. Carcinomas [most frequent: protection against mechanical, chemical and biological agents, resorption: any substance entering/leaving body crosses epithelium, secretion: all glands are epithelial, reception: sensory perception e. g. touch receptors. Tissue: collection of cells with structural and functional similarities and common origin. Epithelial membranes: cutaneous membrane [skin/cutis] covers entire outer body surface except eye, mucosa covers body surfaces exposed to external environment. Skin continuous with the mucosa of body orifices: serosa [mesothelium] covers body cavities [pleural, pericardial, peritoneal] [not continuous with surroundings] Epithelial tissue: endothelium: endothelial cells cover lumen of bvs and lymphatic vessels [cardiovascular system, mucosa: mucous cells cover surfaces of all airways and digestive tracts [respiratory and digestive systems, serosa: mesothelium/serous membrane covers body cavities. Pseudostratified: lack intercellular space, avascular, basement membrane [fibrous sheet] underlies. Ctp: loose areolar, fat; dense ligaments, tendons. Supporting ct: cartilage hyaline, elastic, fibrous; bone.
