ED2090 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Pragmatics, Reinforcement, Code-Switching
Intervention for Learning Difficulties
Lecture 10 Social skills, self-esteem and anxiety for students with Learning Disabilities
Overview
• The importance of reading
• Mathew Effect
• The failure cycle
• Functional impact
• Anxiety
• Self-Esteem
• Social skills
• Motivation
• What’s the message?
The Importance of Reading
• Research evidence suggests that:
o About 5% of children learn to read effortlessly with or without formal instruction (as if
by magic! – Mem Fox uses this term – inaccurate, they learn by learning in a form)
o A further 20 – 30 % learn to read relatively easily once exposed to formal instruction
(with any instructional emphasis)
▪ Begins in preprimary
▪ Formal instruction
o For the remaining 60 – 70 % of children learning to read is a much more formidable
challenge, with 20 – 30 % finding it “the most difficult task that they will need to
master throughout their schooling” (G. Reid Lyon, 1998)
▪ Explicit instruction
▪ Can apply the same thoughts to numeracy
▪ Should be a basic human right
Why is learning to read so important?
• Reading serves as the major foundational skill for all school-based learning.
• Without strong reading skills, students will struggle with general knowledge acquisition,
spelling, writing and vocabulary development.
• Poor reading ability limits a student’s chances for academic and occupational success.
• When kids get to 7, they have learned to speak by being with their family, through social
interaction
o Spoken language
o Impoverished → poor
o Not good enough for kids to keep learning
o Reached the point that they need to have learned to read
▪ <7 – Learning to read
▪ >7 – Reading to learn
Mathew effect (Stanovich, 1986)
• In reading (as in other areas of life), the rich get richer and the poor get poorer
• When children fail at early reading and writing, they begin to dislike reading and read less
• As a consequence, they do not gain vocabulary, background knowledge, and information
about how reading material is structured
• The children at 7, who have not learned to read, will get poorer and poorer
If you fail at something, you will most likely do the task less, not more
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Lecture 10 social skills, self-esteem and anxiety for students with learning disabilities. The importance of reading: research evidence suggests that, about 5% of children learn to read effortlessly with or without formal instruction (as if by magic! Mem fox uses this term inaccurate, they learn by learning in a form: a further 20 30 % learn to read relatively easily once exposed to formal instruction (with any instructional emphasis, begins in preprimary. Explicit instruction: can apply the same thoughts to numeracy, should be a basic human right. Impoverished poor: spoken language, not good enough for kids to keep learning, reached the point that they need to have learned to read, <7 learning to read, >7 reading to learn. The children at 7, who have not learned to read, will get poorer and poorer. If you fail at something, you will most likely do the task less, not more.
