BEHL 2012 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Eastern Chimpanzee, Estrous Cycle

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cyanherring755

19 Jun 2018

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BEHL 2012 Week 4b Workshop

Chimpanzees

4 subspecies:

Western Chimpanzee

Nigerian Chimpanzee

Central Chimpanzee

Eastern Chimpanzee

Defining trait

White tuft of hair on chimp tail = young

Light pink face = young

Social structure

Large communities (40-60)

Sex ratio is about equal

Community ranges over some 50 km2

Broadly territorial

Usually travel in small groups (10-20)

Nursery groups (female with young) only travel 3km/day

Individuals have elaborate greetings such as embracing after reuniting

Diet

Mainly fruit

100+ plant species

Spend 6-8 hours a day feeding

Feeding peaks 7-9am and 5pm

Termites at the beginning of rainy season

Nut cracking at some sites

Also eat meat

Ecological Variations

Population densities vary greatly, but always less than gorillas where they're

sympatric

Home ranges

In forest (5-40 km)

In dry woodland

Nesting

Nests usually in trees

10-12 metres up

Usually less than orangutans more than gorillas

Not usually roofed over

Nests usually in groups of 2-6

Day nests are often made for midday siestas especially in rains

Grooming

Usually reciprocal - especially after greeting

Up to grooming chain of 10

Adult males groomed more than females

Oestrus females groomed more

Individuals especially adult males have preferred grooming partners

Little female-female grooming

Reproduction

Age of first swelling (10.7) years

Adolescent sterility (2.9 years)

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Document Summary

White tuft of hair on chimp tail = young. Nursery groups (female with young) only travel 3km/day. Individuals have elaborate greetings such as embracing after reuniting. Population densities vary greatly, but always less than gorillas where they"re sympatric. Day nests are often made for midday siestas especially in rains. Individuals especially adult males have preferred grooming partners. Female fecundity (highest at 20-35 years of age) Older females more successful from 18-48 years. Oldest female to give birth was 39. A minimum of 2 years after birth before female begins to cycle again. Some evidence of synchrony in cycles between females. Up to 9 years is still with mother. May be a single alpha male but can be displaced by a coalition. Male rank depends on acquiescence and assistance of high ranking female. Alpha male is offered meat by meat possessor. Lone individuals of neighbouring communities may be attacked and killed.

BEHL 2012 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Eastern Chimpanzee, Estrous Cycle

Document Summary

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