FIN222 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Interest Rate, Interest

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2 Jun 2018

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LECTURE 2. TIME

VALUE OF MONEY –

INTEREST RATES

Time value of money

Interest rate

adjustments

The amount of simple interest earned in one year is called Annual Percentage Rate

(APR)

The total actual amount of interest earned in one year is called Effective Annual

Rate (EAR) (annual growth rate that takes compounding into account)

 EAR > APR when m > 1

Converting APR to EAR:

     

 

**Note: m is the number

of times per year that

interest is compounded

Valuing a

stream of CFs

Present value of a CF:

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Document Summary

The amount of simple interest earned in one year is called annual percentage rate (apr) The total actual amount of interest earned in one year is called effective annual. Rate (ear) (annual growth rate that takes compounding into account) Ear > apr when m > 1. **note: m is the number of times per year that interest is compounded. Present value of a cf: (cid:1831) = (cid:4666)1+ (cid:1865) (cid:4667)(cid:3040) 1. Perpetuity is a stream of equal cfs c paid every period, forever. Deferred perpetuity: (cid:1870) (cid:4666)1+(cid:1870)(cid:4667) 1 (cid:4666)(cid:1868)(cid:1857)(cid:1870)(cid:1868)(cid:1857)(cid:1872)(cid:1873)(cid:1872)(cid:4667)= (cid:1870) (cid:4666)(cid:1856)(cid:1857)(cid:1858)(cid:1857)(cid:1870)(cid:1870)(cid:1857)(cid:1856) (cid:1868)(cid:1857)(cid:1870)(cid:1868)(cid:1857)(cid:1872)(cid:1873)(cid:1872)(cid:1857)(cid:1871)(cid:4667)= 1 (cid:4666)1+(cid:1870)(cid:4667) 1= (cid:4666)(cid:1859)(cid:1870)(cid:1867)(cid:1866)(cid:1859) (cid:1868)(cid:1857)(cid:1870)(cid:1868)(cid:1857)(cid:1872)(cid:1873)(cid:1872)(cid:4667)= (cid:1870) (cid:1859) (cid:4666)(cid:1856)(cid:1857)(cid:1858)(cid:1857)(cid:1870)(cid:1870)(cid:1857)(cid:1856) (cid:1859)(cid:1870)(cid:1867)(cid:1866)(cid:1859) (cid:1868)(cid:1857)(cid:1870)(cid:1868)(cid:1857)(cid:1872)(cid:1873)(cid:1872)(cid:1857)(cid:1871)(cid:4667)= 1 (cid:4666)1+(cid:1870)(cid:4667) 1= (cid:1870) (cid:1859) (cid:4666)1+(cid:1870)(cid:4667) 1. Annuity is a stream of equal cfs c paid every period for n periods. Present value of a annuities: (cid:4666)(cid:1866)(cid:1866)(cid:1873)(cid:1872)(cid:1857)(cid:1871)(cid:4667)= 1(cid:4666)1 1(cid:4666)1+(cid:4667)) (cid:1832) (cid:4666)(cid:1866)(cid:1866)(cid:1873)(cid:1872)(cid:1857)(cid:1871)(cid:4667)= 1(cid:1870)(cid:4666)(cid:4666)1+(cid:1870)(cid:4667)(cid:3041) 1(cid:4667) Solving for the number of periods (n): using natural logarithm. Nominal interest rates: interest rates quoted by banks and other financial institutions.

Related Questions

SHOW ALL WORK. Preferred if you showed how to do it on bothfinancial calculator and by hand.

1. You plan to retire in 35 years. At the endof each year, you plan on saving $15,000, and your bank pays you 2%annual interest. How much will you have saved by the time youretire?

A. $749,917

B. $374,979

C. $525,000

D. $262, 514

2. A bond with a face value of$1,000 pays a 10% (APR) semiannual coupon, and matures in 10 years.Similar bonds trade at a YTM of 8% (APR). What is the price of thebond?

A. $1,000

B. $679.52

C. $1,134.20

D. $1,135. 91

PROBLEMS 3 and 4 ARE CONNECTED

3. A major car manufacturing firm issues a 20year $1,000,000 bond at par. The bond pays a 6% (APR) semiannualcoupon. 5 years later, the Federal Reserve Board cuts the fed fundsrate, causing interest rates for similar firms to fall to 4% (APR).What is the new bond price?

A. $1,222,368

B. $1,223,965

C. $1,000,000

D. $1,273,555

4. . If you bought the bond at issueand held it to maturity, what is the effective annual rate (EAR)that you earned?

A. 6%

B. 6.09%

C. 4%

D. 4.04%

5. The nominal rate quoted in themarket is 8% per annum, and interest is paid every month. What isthe effective annual rate (EAR)?

A. 8%

B. 8.3%

C. 0.67%

D. 96%

erinsalmon303

5.You own a plant producing oil. On 2017 the plant produced aquantity of 2,500 barrels of oil. The market price of a barrel ofoil at 1.1.2018 is $50. Assume the plant's oil production isperpetual (lasts forever), all cash flows are received at the endof the year and the annual interest rate is 8%.

Calculate the plant's economic value at 1.1.2018 under thefollowing scenarios. (The plant's value is equal to the presentvalue of all the future cash flows it is expected to generate)

a.Oil production and the price of oil will remain constant attheir present levels.

b.Oil production is constant, the price of oil increases at arate of 3% per year.

c.Oil production increases at a rate of 9% each year, the priceof oil remains constant.

7.The effective annual interest rate is 15%.

a.What is the effective interest rate for two years (accumulatedover 2 years with interest over interest)?

b.What is the effective interest rate for ten years (accumulatedover 10 years with interest over interest)?

c.Assume interest is compounded monthly. What is the monthlyinterest rate?

d.What is the simple annual interest rate?

e.What is the simple interest rate for 2 years? For 10years?

You deposit $175,000 in a savings account. The APR (AnnualPercentage Rate) is 6%. Calculate the following:

a. Assuming that the interest is compounded once a year, what isthe amount accumulated after ten years?

b. Assuming that the interest is compounded every month, what isthe amount accumulated after ten years?

c. Assuming that the interest is compounded every day, what isthe amount accumulated after ten years?

d. What is the observed effect of compounding at a higherfrequency on the amount of money accumulated? Explain.

silverbee836

Assume that you are nearing graduation and that you have appliedfor a job with a local bank. As part of the bankâs evaluationprocess, you have been asked to take an examination that coversseveral financial analysis techniques. The first section of thetest addresses time value of money analysis. See how you would doby answering the following questions:

a. Drawcash flow time lines for (1) a $100 lump-sum cash flow at the endof Year 2, (2) an ordinary annuity of $100 per year for threeyears, (3) an uneven cash flow stream of $50, $100, $75, and $50 atthe end of Years 0 through 3.

b. (1)What is the future value of an initial $100 after three years if itis invested in an account paying 10%annual interest?

(2) What is the present value of $100 to bereceived in three years if the appropriate interest rate is10%?

c. Wesometimes need to find how long it will take a sum of money (oranything else) to grow to some specified amount. For example, if acompanyâs sales are growing at a rate of 20%per year, approximatelyhow long will it take sales to triple?

d. Whatis the difference between an ordinary annuity and an annuity due?What type of annuity is shown in the following cash flow time line?How would you change it to the other type of annuity?

0 1 2 3

100 100 100

e. (1)What is the future value of a 3-year ordinary annuity of $100 ifthe appropriate interest rate is 10%?

(2) What is the present value of the annuity?

(3) What would the future and present values be ifthe annuity were an annuity due?

f. What is the present value of the following uneven cash flow stream?The appropriate interest rate is 10%, compounded annually.

0 1 2 3 4

100 300 300 150

g. Whatannual interest rate will cause $100 to grow to $125.97 in 3years?

h. (1)Will the future value be larger or smaller if we compound aninitial amount more often than annuallyâfor example, every 6months, or semiannuallyâholding the stated interest rateconstant? Why?

(2) Define the stated, or quoted, or simple, rate,(r_SIMPLE), annual percentage rate (APR), the periodicrate (r_PER), and the effective annual rate(r_EAR).

(3) What is the effective annual rate for a simplerate of 10%, compounded semiannually? Compounded quarterly?Compounded daily?

(4) What is the future value of $100 after threeyears under 10%semiannual compounding? Quarterly compounding?

i. Will the effective annual rate ever be equal to the simple (quoted)rate? Explain.

j. (1) What is the value at the end of Year 3 of thefollowing cash flow stream if the quoted interest rate is 10%,compounded semiannually?

0 1 2 3

100 100 100

(2) What is the PV of the same stream?

(3) Is the stream an annuity?

(4) An important rule is that you should nevershow a simple rate on a time line or use it in calculations unlesswhat condition holds? (Hint: Think of annual compounding,when r_SIMPLE = r_EAR = r_PER.) Whatwould be wrong with your answer to parts (1) and (2) if you usedthe simple rate 10%rather than the periodic rater_SIMPLE/2 = 10%/2 = 5%?

k. (1)Construct an amortization schedule for a $1,000 loan that has a10%annual interest rate that is repaid in three equalinstallments.

(2) What is the annual interest expense for theborrower, and the annual interest income for the lender, duringYear 2?

l. Suppose on January 1 you deposit $100 in an account that pays asimple, or quoted, interest rate of 11.33463%, with interest added(compounded) daily. How much will you have in your account onOctober 1, or after 9 months?

m. Now suppose youleave your money in the bank for 21 months. Thus, on January 1 youdeposit $100 in an account that pays a 11.33463%compounded daily.How much will be in your account on October 1 of the followingyear?

n. Suppose someone offered to sell you a note that calls for a $1,000payment 15 months from today. The person offers to sell the notefor $850. You have $850 in a bank time deposit (savings instrument)that pays a 6.76649%simple rate with daily compounding, which is a7%effective annual interest rate; and you plan to leave this moneyin the bank unless you buy the note. The note is not riskyâthat is,you are sure it will be paid on schedule. Should you buy the note?Check the decision in three ways: (1) by comparing your futurevalue if you buy the note versus leaving your money in the bank,(2) by comparing the PV of the note with your current bankinvestment, and (3) by comparing the r_EAR on the notewith that of the bank investment.

o. Suppose the note discussed in part n, above, costs $850, but callsfor five quarterly payments of $190 each, with the first paymentdue in 3 months rather than $1,000 at the end of 15 months. Wouldit be a good investment?

pearsalmon693

FIN222 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Interest Rate, Interest

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