BIOS1167 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Blood Sugar, Ribose, Proteoglycan
4 Sep 2018
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Week 4 Notes
Lecture 1 Proteins
Summary of Protein Structure:
Shape
- unique shape gives its biological activity
- loss of conformation means loss of biological activity = denaturation
- eg. bonds holding structures in eggs are disrupted by heat
Denaturation
- heat and chemicals (best at body temperature) – breaks hydrogen bonds, disrupts
hydrophobic interactions
- change in pH – disrupt ionic bonds
- heavy metal ions – contamination can disrupt disulphide bridges
- agitation – breaks enzymes
Membrane Structure:
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Glycoproteins:
- large proteins to which one or more carbohydrate units are bonded
- part of cell membrane, antibodies, blood group proteins
- forms basis of connective tissue (proteoglycans)
Lipoproteins:
- proteins to which lipids are bonded
- component of cell membrane
- LDL and HDL – transport cholesterol
Lecture 2 Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates:
- contains C, H and O – major energy source
- sugar = saccharides
- eg. glucose, sucrose, lactose, starch, glycogen, cellulose
Role
- metabolic fuel – glucose is the blood sugar
- storage form of energy – as starch in plants and glycogen in animals
- essential component of nucleic acids – ribose in RNA, 2-deoxy-ribose in DNA
- mediation of interaction between cells – present on the surface of cell membrane
Types
Monosaccharides – simplest carbohydrates
Disaccharides – consists of 2 monosaccharides
Polysaccharides – many monosaccharides
Monosaccharides:
- 3-6 carbon atoms typically
Document Summary
Loss of conformation means loss of biological activity = denaturation. Eg. bonds holding structures in eggs are disrupted by heat. Heat and chemicals (best at body temperature) breaks hydrogen bonds, disrupts hydrophobic interactions. Change in ph disrupt ionic bonds. Heavy metal ions contamination can disrupt disulphide bridges. Large proteins to which one or more carbohydrate units are bonded. Part of cell membrane, antibodies, blood group proteins. Contains c, h and o major energy source. Eg. glucose, sucrose, lactose, starch, glycogen, cellulose. Metabolic fuel glucose is the blood sugar. Storage form of energy as starch in plants and glycogen in animals. Essential component of nucleic acids ribose in rna, 2-deoxy-ribose in dna. Mediation of interaction between cells present on the surface of cell membrane. Number of carbons in a sugar determines size of sugar group it belongs to (5=pentose, Blood sugar normal blood level of 70-90mg/dl (decilitre -100ml) measured through glucose tolerance test measures blood glucose several hours after ingesting glucose.
