EXSS2021 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Impaired Glucose Tolerance, Sleep Apnea, Hyperglycemia
4 Sep 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Week 4 Notes
Obesity
Overweight/Obesity: adiposity excessive for age, height, weight, gender, ethnicity
BMI: weight/height2
Under = <18.5
Normal = 18.5-25
Overweight = >25 (BMI in 85th-95th percentile in children)
Obese = >30 (BMI in 95th percentile in children)
Body Fat Distribution:
- cut off points of body fat depicted by waist measurements
- relationship between BMI and waist circumference and prediction of disease
> type 2 diabetes, CVD, hypertension
Australian Statistics:
- 63.4% of adults overweight/obese
- 27.4% of children overweight/obese
- higher in indigenous Australians
Metabolic Consequences:
- impaired glucose tolerance + type 2 diabetes
- increased insulin and insulin resistance
Insulin: takes glucose out of the blood and into cells to use for energy (decreases blood glucose)
Insulin Resistance: body cant utilise insulin effectively therefore leads to high blood sugar - cant
take out of bloodstream > pancreatic cells produce more insulin to compensate = higher blood
sugar
Dislipidaemia: elevated total cholesterol levels/TG level and low density lipoproteins (LDL),
decreased high density lipoproteins
- fatty liver, gallstones, infertility
Cardiovascular Consequences:
- hypertension and coronary heart disease
- varicose veins, peripheral oedema
Mechanical Consequences:
- osteoarthritis, spinal issues, hernia, incontinence, sleep apnoea
Physical Consequences:
- snoring, apnoea, headache, sleepiness, concentration issues
- cancer - liver, prostate, ovarian, colorectal, pancreatic, stomach
- social issues
Causes of Obesity:
- energy imbalance, genetics (metabolic factors, leptin - satiety hormone), environmental factors
Document Summary
Overweight/obesity: adiposity excessive for age, height, weight, gender, ethnicity. Overweight = >25 (bmi in 85th-95th percentile in children) Obese = >30 (bmi in 95th percentile in children) Cut off points of body fat depicted by waist measurements. Relationship between bmi and waist circumference and prediction of disease. Insulin: takes glucose out of the blood and into cells to use for energy (decreases blood glucose) Insulin resistance: body cant utilise insulin effectively therefore leads to high blood sugar - cant take out of bloodstream > pancreatic cells produce more insulin to compensate = higher blood sugar. Dislipidaemia: elevated total cholesterol levels/tg level and low density lipoproteins (ldl), decreased high density lipoproteins. Osteoarthritis, spinal issues, hernia, incontinence, sleep apnoea. Cancer - liver, prostate, ovarian, colorectal, pancreatic, stomach. Energy imbalance, genetics (metabolic factors, leptin - satiety hormone), environmental factors. Emotion, food characteristics, lifestyle behaviours, appetite, bmr, thermic effect of food, adls, energy expenditure, health status.
