PHAR3818 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Steroid Hormone Receptor, Globulin, Corticosteroid

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turquoiseherring418

23 Jul 2018

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Stimulus: hormone producing cell to blood system target cell leads to biological response. Hormones synthesizes and stored released on signal, transported to target cell under feedback control. Hormone producing and target cells very close together. Hormone secreting and target cell one and the same. The model of hormone action requires transport of the hormone from the producing cells to the site of action. Steroids being very hydrophobic molecules are transported in complex with transporting proteins. Transporting proteins exist for each class of steroid e. g. corticosteroid binding globulin (cbg) testosterone-estradiol binding protein (tegb) Note high levels of binding to serum albumin. Receptor: binding the type of competent effector (change) i. e. conformation change affecting signal then regeneration of receptor affect signal again. A steroid is transported to a target cell by the transporter proteins, where it releases the steroid and allows it to diffuse through the cell wall.

Related Questions

Alex and Stephanie want to have a baby but have been encountering some difficulty. After trying for a year they decide to see a fertility expert. After running many different tests, the fertility expert discovers that Alex has a very low sperm count but normal levels of testosterone in his blood. The fertility expert also discovers that, during a one month period, Stephanieâs levels of estrogen do not change or fluctuate but are rather always at the same level. 1. When considering Stephanieâs situation, what is the most direct result of her difficulty to conceive? (1.5 points) 2. What endocrine pathways/physiology would explain how Alex can have normal levels of testosterone but have a low sperm count? (1.5 points) 3. Stephanie has been admitted to the hospital and is ready to deliver. a. As labor progresses, how will her levels of oxytocin change compared to prior to labor? (.25 points) b. What is the integrating center for this pathway? 4. Oxytocin acts on its target cells by binding to receptors on the cell surface. With this information is oxytocin a peptide or steroid hormone and is it stored and released upon stimulus or made on demand? Explain your reasoning with your cell physiology knowledge (0.75 points) 5. What type of feedback is occurring as her levels of oxytocin change? Explain why. (1 points) 6. Oxytocin is released from the posterior pituitary, is this chemical considered a hormone, neurohormone, neurotransmitter, autocrine or paracrine agent? Explain why (said otherwise, why is it not the other four types?) (.5 for chemical, 1 point for explanation) 7. Itâs often said (though not always true) that breast-feeding is a form of birth control because you donât have to worry about getting pregnant during this time period, but we know some women do get pregnant while breast-feeding. How could this be? What feedback mechanisms/physiology point to your reasoning? (1.5 point)

yellowsheep68

The vesicles that transport materials from donor membranes to acceptor membranes include:

	1.	COP-II coated vesicles
	2.	COP-III coated vesicles
	3.	COP-I coated vesicles
	4.	Clathrin coated vesicles

2.5 points

QUESTION 11

During skeletal muscle contraction, the roles of ATP include:

	1.	ATP is not required for forming the crossbridges between myosin and actin filaments.
	2.	ATP is utilized as a structural linker to mediate the interaction between myosin and actin filaments
	3.	Hydrolysis of ATP provides energy for myosin head to move along actin filaments and the binding of ATP to myosin head allows the detachment of myosin fromactin filaments.
	4.	ATP binds to actin filaments to drive the power stroke of myosin head.

2.5 points

QUESTION 12

One of the functions of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is

	1.	Synthesizing steroid hormone in the endocrine cells of the gonad and adrenal cortex
	2.	Serves as the starting point of the biosynthetic pathway
	3.	Synthesizing secretory proteins
	4.	Degrading cell debris

2.5 points

QUESTION 13

The function of COP-II coated vesicles is mainly:

	1.	Transporting materials from endosomes to Golgi complex
	2.	Moving materials from the ER to the ERGIC and Golgi complex.
	3.	Transporting materials from Golgi complex back to endoplasmic reticulum.
	4.	Involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis.

2.5 points

QUESTION 14

Which of the following processes is completed in rough endoplasmic reticulum?

	1.	Chaperones help misfolded proteins fold correctly.
	2.	Proteins that target to nucleus are synthesized in rough endoplasmic reticulum.
	3.	O-linked glycosylation occurs in rough endoplasmic reticulum.
	4.	Misfolded proteins are destructed in rough endoplamic reticulum.

2.5 points

QUESTION 15

Kinesin is the motor protein that coorporates with microtubules. It has the following functions:

	1.	It uses GTP as energy source.
	2.	It can hydrolyze ATP and use the energy to drive cargo along microtubules from minus end to plus end.
	3.	It has a globular head that can act as GTPase
	4.	The tail of kinesin is more diverse and binds to cargo

2.5 points

QUESTION 16

For correct segregation and trafficking, lysosomal proteins are tagged in the cis-Golgi with phosphorylated mannose residues, and then the tagged lysosomal enzymes are recruited to clathrin coated vesicles by mannose 6-phosphate receptors.

True

False

2.5 points

QUESTION 17

The process that specialized cells, such macrophages, engulf relatively large particles is:

	1.	Called pinocytosis
	2.	Called phagocytosis
	3.	Mediated by COP-II coated vesicles
	4.	Called autophagy

2.5 points

QUESTION 18

Proteins synthesized on rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum are imported co-translationally to their destinations

True

False

2.5 points

QUESTION 19

Treatment of cells with a drug that promotes microtubule disassembly disperses Golgi complex into separate stacks of membrane compartments, suggesting that:

	1.	Golgi complex is made of microtubules.
	2.	Microtubules are important for the organization of Golgi complex.
	3.	Microtubules are transported into Golgi complex
	4.	Golgi complex is composed of tubulin proteins

2.5 points

QUESTION 20

Which of the following is correct about signal sequence of a secretory protein?

	1.	It is an âaddress codesâ for protein trafficking pathways
	2.	It is usually located at the C-terminus.
	3.	It targets the ribosome and the protein that is being synthesized to endoplasmic reticulum.
	4.	It is removed in Golgi complex.

apricotgrasshopper117

PHAR3818 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Steroid Hormone Receptor, Globulin, Corticosteroid

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