BIOL 2043 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Gynoecium, Floral Symmetry, Morphine
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1.This week, you will be conducting Gram stains of bacteria.Which of the following statements are true? (Mark all thatapply)
Gram-negative bacteria do not stain purple because they do nottake-up crystal violet or iodine | ||
The peptidoglycan in the walls of Gram-positive bacteria bindsto the crystal violet stain more easily than walls of Gram-negativebacteria do | ||
Gram-positive bacteria have cell walls with a thickerpeptidoglycan layer than walls of Gram-negative bacteria | ||
Gram-negative bacteria do not stain purple, because their cellwall structure allows purple-colored iodine-dye complexes to washout of the cells more easily than the cell wall structure ofGram-positive bacteria does | ||
Gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane (outside thepeptidoglycan layer in their wall) that Gram-positive bacterialack |
2.
What evidence is used to inform our understanding ofrelationships among species? (mark all that apply)
Biochemical similarities between existing species | ||
Fossils | ||
Morphological similarities between existing species (presence ofhair, backbones, etc.) | ||
DNA sequences and molecular clocks |
3.
For each of the groups of organisms below, indicate whether theybelong in (A.) Archaea, (B.) Bacteria, or (C.) Eukarya
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4.
Select all true statements about the relative diversity ofdifferent groups of organisms from among the followingstatements:
There are more species of plants on Earth than species ofmolluscs | ||
There are more plant species on Earth than mammal species | ||
There are more species of plants on Earth than species offungi | ||
There are more species of fungi on Earth than mammal species | ||
There are more species of plants on Earth than species ofarthropods | ||
There are more flatworm species on Earth than mammal species |
Today you will be using an online visualization tool that illustrates the vulnerability to extinction of different groups of (mostly) terrestrial organisms. Spend some time looking through the website at projects.propublica.org/extinctions.
What group of organisms (mammals, reptiles, amphibians, or birds) hasâ¦
â¦the largest percentage of at-risk species? Whatâs the percentage?
â¦the smallest percentage? Whatâs the percentage?
Select any one family from the mammal, reptile, amphibian, or bird groups that has at least 40% of its species at risk for extinction (that is, the family grouping is colored red) and do some Internet research to identify some major mechanisms that have placed that members of that family at risk (e.g., climate change, habitat destruction, pollution).
Family:
Reasons for at-risk status:
Time for another website. You can google âGuardian endangered species mapâ â the site you want should be one of the top two search results â or you can type in the following: http://www.theguardian.com/environment/interactive/2012/sep/03/extinct-and-endangered-species-interactive. This map shows where species have already gone extinct and where the critically endangered species of today are located.
What country has had the largest number of extinctions since 1500? Within your group, talk about why this might be.
Now go to the âCritically endangered speciesâ view of the map (upper right corner). Where are the spots with high concentrations of critically endangered species? For your answer, you can either list specific countries, continents, sub-continental regions (e.g., southeast Asia, northern Asia), or climatic zones (e.g., tropics, subtropics). Your choice.
Now go to the âIn numbersâ part of the map (upper right corner). By clicking on the circles, you can see which groups of organisms are most threatened in different regions of the planet.
After clicking on all of the regions on the map, can you make generalizations about what group(s) of organisms is/are most threatened globally? (For the purposes of this question, ignore the âplants, insects, and otherâ catchall category and focus on the other groups.)
Are there important regional differences that stood out to you?
