BIOL 2001 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Skan, Ctenophora, Coelom

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23 Feb 2016

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Animals are named using the linnaean classification o o o o o o o o. There is dispute regarding where some animals fit into the animal tree such as the ctenophora and porifera o. The phylogeny tree is only a hypothesis, and different hypotheses are based off different data. Most parts of the tree are still being debated. Taxonomy is a branch of biology that names and classifies species into groups of increasing breadth. The domain is the broadest unit of classification o. Radial: there is a top and bottom but no front or back. Some can be radial outside but bilateral inside. Bilateral: there is a bottom, top, fron, and back. High level of encephalization (concentrated nervous system in the front of the animal) Includes animals that were bilateral at larvae that loose it as adults and become radial. During embryo, the cell forms a hollow sphere called the blastula.

Related Questions

QUESTION 1

The âCambrian Explosionâ describes the relatively sudden appearance of __________ in the fossil record in the Cambrian.

		Metazoans
		Eukaryotes
		Algae
		Cephalopods
		Chocolate

0.5 points

QUESTION 2

Poriferans lack:

		Extracellular matrix
		Organs
		Choanocytes
		Nuclei

0.5 points

QUESTION 3

Which of the following has no terrestrial species?

		Brachiopoda
		Nematoda
		Mollusca
		Arthropoda

0.5 points

QUESTION 4

The metazoan phylum with the greatest diversity (i.e., number of species) today is:

		Arthropoda.
		Annelida.
		Cnidaria.
		Mollusca.

0.5 points

QUESTION 5

Segmentation is a feature of:

		Cnidarians
		Platyhelminthes
		Nematodes
		Annelids

0.5 points

QUESTION 6

A coelom is:

		Fun for the whole family.
		A fluid-filled body cavity forming within the mesoderm.
		A stinging cell found in cnidarians.
		A characteristic of flatworms.
		A fluid-filled body cavity between the mesoderm and endoderm.

0.5 points

QUESTION 7

How old is the earliest fossil evidence of life?

		3.8 Ma
		3.8 Ga
		1.8 Ga
		543 Ma

0.5 points

QUESTION 8

Which of the following is found only in bilaterians?

		Mesoderm
		Choanocytes
		Radial symmetry
		Gastrulation
		Nougat

0.5 points

QUESTION 9

Which of the following is not an explanation put forward for the Cambrian Explosion?

		Oxygen increase
		Revolution in substrate use
		Predation
		Global warming

0.5 points

QUESTION 10

Cnidarians are distinct from other animals in having:

		A can-do attitude
		Nematocysts
		Chitin
		Collagen
		Bilateral symmetry

0.5 points

QUESTION 11

Which of the following is a group within Platyhelminthes?

		Insecta
		Velveeta
		Bivalvia
		Cestoda
		Hydrozoa

0.5 points

QUESTION 12

Of Fungi, Metazoa, and Plantae, which two are thought to be more closely related to each other than they are to the third?

		Metazoa and Plantae
		Fungi and Plantae
		Fungi and Metazoa

0.5 points

QUESTION 13

The Cryogenian is a period of the Proterozoic characterized by:

		Low self esteem
		Earliest fossils of life
		Cooling and glaciation
		Sudden appearance of fossils with hard parts
		Increase in oxygen

0.5 points

QUESTION 14

Which of the following is thought not to have been abundant in the environment of the early Earth when life originated?

		Oxygen
		Nitrogen
		Methane
		Water

0.5 points

QUESTION 15

Of Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya, which two are thought to be more closely related to each other than they are to the third?

		Bacteria and Eukarya
		Archaea and Bacteria
		Archaea and Eukarya

0.5 points

QUESTION 16

The increase in oxygen that occurred around 2.3 Ga is referred to as:

		The Snowball Earth
		The Permian Extinction
		The Cambrian Explosion
		The Great Oxidation Event
		Friday

0.5 points

QUESTION 17

A lophophore is:

		A feeding structure found in brachiopods and bryozoans.
		A reproductive structure found in annelids and molluscs.
		A photoautotroph.
		Available at Targetâ¢.
		Absent in all lophotrochozoans.

0.5 points

QUESTION 18

One of the main divisions of protostomes is:

		Electronica
		Cnidaria
		Eukarya
		Lophotrochozoa
		Deuterostomia

0.5 points

QUESTION 19

If, as some studies have suggested, Ctenophora is the sister-taxon to other metazoans, this would imply that:

		Poriferans are not animals.
		Cnidarians are not monophyletic.
		We are all hosed.
		Nervous systems evolved more than once, or were lost by Porifera.
		Ctenophorans are cnidarians.

0.5 points

QUESTION 20

The chambered shells of fossil cephalopods contribute to:

		Feeding.
		The Red Cross.
		Respiration.
		Control of buoyancy.
		Propulsion.

It's a quiz for my life science class.

QUESTION 1

Organisms that have descended from the same initial group and have the ability to interbreed belong to the same

	A.	species.
	B.	family.
	C.	class.
	D.	genus.
	E.	order.

5 points

QUESTION 2

The simplest entity that exhibits all of the properties of life is called a(n)

	A.	molecule.
	B.	cell.
	C.	organism.
	D.	tissue.

5 points

QUESTION 3

In populations, adaptation usually arises through

	A.	responsiveness.
	B.	heredity.
	C.	metabolism.
	D.	natural selection.
	E.	development.

5 points

QUESTION 4

Scientists have found that ancient fossils

	A.	are less similar to present-day organisms than more recent fossils.
	B.	are just as similar to present-day organisms as more recent fossils.
	C.	are more similar to present-day organisms than more recent fossils.
	D.	are very similar to present-day organisms.
	E.	bear no resemblance to present-day organisms.

5 points

QUESTION 5

What is the term that describes the study of the relationship between living things and components of their environment?

	A.	herpetology
	B.	analogy
	C.	zoology
	D.	ecology
	E.	ichnology

5 points

QUESTION 6

Characteristics usually associated with life include all of the following except:

	A.	motility.
	B.	a high degree of organization.
	C.	lack of change from generation to generation.
	D.	reproduction.
	E.	responsiveness to stimuli.

5 points

QUESTION 7

The scientific name for the black-footed ferret is Mustela nigripes. The name Mustela indicates the _____________________ to which the organisms belongs.

	A.	phylum
	B.	class
	C.	family
	D.	species
	E.	genus

5 points

QUESTION 8

Which of the following is considered to be the most basic living unit?

	A.	organ system
	B.	molecule
	C.	organelle
	D.	cell
	E.	tissue

5 points

QUESTION 9

Which of the following concepts best describes the wide variety of dog species we observe, ranging from the domesticated golden retriever or the basset hound, to the wild dogs of Africa, to foxes?

	A.	preadaptation
	B.	special creation
	C.	inheritance of acquired characteristics.
	D.	taxonomy
	E.	evolution

5 points

QUESTION 10

If an ecologist is studying the cycling of carbon through a particular environment (which involes the movement of carbon through living things as well as through rock, air, and water), the scientist is studying at what level of ecology?

	A.	organismal
	B.	community
	C.	ecosystem
	D.	population
	E.	biosphere

5 points

QUESTION 11

Which list is organized from smallest to largest level of organization of life?

	A.	organisms, organ systems, organs, tissues, cells, organelles
	B.	organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms
	C.	organelles, tissues, cells, organ systems, organs, organisms
	D.	tissues, cells, organelles, organs, organ systems, organisms
	E.	cells, tissues, organ systems, organelles, organs, organisms

5 points

QUESTION 12

When examining the hierarchy of life, which of the following terms is most inclusive?

	A.	biosphere
	B.	population
	C.	species
	D.	ecosystem

5 points

QUESTION 13

The units of inheritance are

	A.	evolutions.
	B.	heredities.
	C.	genes
	D.	twins.
	E.	metabolic activities.

5 points

QUESTION 14

Organisms that undergo asexual reproduction

	A.	require another organism to reproduce.
	B.	are usually very complex.
	C.	produce offspring that are different from each other.
	D.	do not require energy to reproduce.
	E.	produce offspring that are identical to each other and to the parent.

5 points

QUESTION 15

All the living organisms in a particular area at a particular time make up a

	A.	biosphere.
	B.	community.
	C.	biosystem.
	D.	population.
	E.	ecosystem.

5 points

QUESTION 16

The first step in the scientific method is to

	A.	identify a problem.
	B.	predict the results of an experiment.
	C.	propose a solution.
	D.	draw a conclusion.
	E.	perform an experiment.

5 points

QUESTION 17

Young multicelled organisms usually start out small, then grow in size, and increase in complexity. This process is called:

	A.	heredity.
	B.	metabolism.
	C.	development.
	D.	evolution.
	E.	heredity.

5 points

QUESTION 18

To maintain order within their cells and organs, all living things must

	A.	carry on metabolism.
	B.	reproduce.
	C.	constantly change.
	D.	be able to move.
	E.	extract energy from sunlight.

5 points

QUESTION 19

Which of the following includes Highest levels of hierarchy?

	A.	family
	B.	phylum
	C.	domain
	D.	kingdom
	E.	order

5 points

QUESTION 20

Fungi are classified into which domain?

	A.	Archaea
	B.	Eukarya
	C.	Bacteria
	D.	Fungi

erinhare264

1. Humans have the scientific name Homo sapiens. We are members of the family Pongidae, in the order Primates, in the class Mammalia, in the phylum Chordata. Based only on this information, which of the following is not a correct statement?

a. The speciation event (lineage-splitting) that generated the genus Homo occurred earlier than the speciation event that generated the species H. sapiens.

b. The most inclusive of these taxonomic groups is Chordata.

c. The genus Homo might have as many species as are in the entire family Pongidae.

d. There can be no other species in the genus Homo.

e. All mammals must be Chordates.

2. Endotherms differ from ectotherms in that:

a. Environmental temperature has little effect on the energy budget of endotherms but a strong effect on the energy budget of ectotherms.

b. An endotherm's metabolic rate is not affected by temperature whereas the metabolism of an ectotherm has a Q10 of 2-3.

c. Endotherms are vertebrates and ectotherms are invertebrates.

d. On average, endotherms are much better sprinters (i.e., can run faster for short distances) than ectotherms.

e. Endotherms are much better able to support endurance exercise than ectotherms.

3. You measure oxygen consumption of a lizard at three temperatures, as follows: 18 Â°C: 0.090 ml O2/min 23 Â°C: 0.135 ml O2/min 28 Â°C: 0.200 ml O2/min From these data you calculate the Q10 to be:

a. 1.8

b. 2.0

c. 2.2

d. 2.5

e. none of these are correct.

4. What is the best description of how evolution by selection (natural or artificial) works?

a. mutation generates variation randomly, sex makes new combinations of genes randomly, and selection picks the best ones for reproduction.

b. selection leads to non-random mutation to make useful new alleles, which are then combined by sex.

c. exposure to environmental factors leads to non-random mutations that improve fitness.

d. through selection, mutations occur in those genes that will improve fitness.

e. mutation generates random new alleles, and sex combines them in ways that select the best for future generations.

5. Which of the following is a correct match between a major lineage and its characteristics?

a. Archaea: extremophiles, ribosomes, RNA as genetic material, no nuclear membrane

b. Eukarya: mitochondria, DNA as genetic material, photosynthetic or chemohetrotrophic

c. Bacteria: mitochondria, DNA as genetic material, no nuclear membrane

d. Eumetazoa: extremophiles, ribosomes, DNA as genetic material, nuclear membrane, chemoheterotrophic

e. Protostomes: triploblastic, eucoelomate, blastopore becomes anus, indeterminate cleavage

6. Which of the following statements about animal life history events is correct?

a. Being multicellular requires a larval stage in the life cycle.

b. Mutation is sufficient to produce considerable genetic variation between different tissues in an individual.

c. Senescence is defined by slow, constant decline in survival as individuals get older.

d. Different cell types are formed when different but specific portions of the zygoteâs DNA are lost from the different germ layers during development.

e. In an individual, the only cells that differ genetically from other cells are gametes.

7. Which of the following statements about terrestrial vertebrates is correct?

a. Jaws evolved from paired appendages, which in turn evolved because they improved swimming ability.

b. Legs evolved from fins after early fishlike vertebrates invaded the land.

c. Jaws and inner ear bones evolved from gill arches, and leglike appendages evolved under selection for aquatic locomotion.

d. Viviparity (giving birth to well-developed young instead of laying eggs) was vital to the ability to reproduce on land without returning to the water.

e. Lungs for breathing air evolved after early fishlike vertebrates invaded the land (the first land vertebrates had to depend on gills for breathing air)

8. The essential features of a hydrostatic skeleton include:

a. antagonistic muscles.

b. a non-deformable fluid-filled space

c. flexible joints.

d. compressible material capable of changing volume

e. all of the above (a) â (d) are correct.

9. You are a Peace Corps volunteer physician in a developing country. You notice that some of the villages you visit have a high incidence of a parasitic disease, but other nearby villages are unaffected. Investigating you find the villages with disease are in wet areas with lots of snails and frogs, while the disease-free villages are in drier places but have lots of insects and mice. From this information, what might you reasonably conclude about the type of parasite responsible for the disease?

a. Itâs a trematode (these need mollusks as intermediate hosts).

b. Itâs a nematode (these are vectored mainly by frogs).

c. Itâs an apicomplexan parasite (these require wet areas and enter the skin through standing water).

d. Itâs a trypanosome (these are transmitted by mammal bites).

e. The information doesnât provide useful clues about the type of parasite.

10. Which of the following pairs of primary diagnostic characters is correctly matched with taxonomic groups?

a. circulatory system vs. water vascular system: Nematoda vs. Echinodermata

b. schizocoely vs. enterocoely: Radiata vs. Bilateria

c. pharyngeal slits vs. polyp and medusa: Chordata vs. Cnidaria

d. gastrovascular cavity vs. complete gut: Cnidaria vs. Cestoda

e. hemocoel vs. contractile vacuole: apicomplexans vs. rhizopoda

Please provide explanation too.

BIOL 2001 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Skan, Ctenophora, Coelom

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