CLCV 1008 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Durum, Parks Canada

54 views1 pages

apricotwombat34

18 Oct 2014

School

Carleton University

Department

Classical Civilization

Course

CLCV 1008

Professor

Marianne S.Goodfellow

For unlimited access to Class Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

Studied at university of durum in england masters. The act of preserving and restoring cultural material for present and future generations. Vacuum freeze dryer: dries leather, paper and other objects from waterlogged sites and no damage! Uses a freezer to keep the artifacts cold and wet. Monitoring underwater sites: red bay, small town of only 200 people, one fishing boat, it was a hub of whaling (whales oil was a precious burns hotter) Leave similar woods: see what kind of damage happens it gives a basis, hms investigator, musket. Surfaced using crate technique: tied down.

Related Questions

George Washington University got rid of its SAT requirement, and applications soared 28 percent. This kind of jump is unprecedented, the school said. About 6,000 more students applied compared to the year before. It also saw a "significant" increase in applications from blacks, Hispanics, international students, and those who would be the first in their family to go to college. That's what GW was hoping for when it started allowing applicants to opt-out of submitting their standardized test scores this year. The school says it won't hurt your chances of getting in. About 20 percent of those who applied chose not to submit their scores. GW is one of the largest and most prestigious schools to go "test-optional," but it's a growing trend. More than 30 schools dropped the requirement in the past year, bringing the total to about 850. The list includes mostly liberal arts schools, including Wesleyan University, Bryn Mawr, and Wake Forest. The thinking is that dropping the test requirement will encourage more low-income and minority students -- who tend to score lower on the SAT -- to apply. While academic research is mixed on whether a "test-optional" policy really does increase diversity among enrolled students, some schools have seen it work. Diversity is up, and they're attracting strong applicants who may not have applied before. Experts say that high school grades can be much better at predicting whether or not a student will succeed in college than their SAT or ACT scores. Some other factors may have played a role in GW's spike in applicants, too. The college also credits its new, data-driven recruitment strategy and revamped campus visit experience. The increase in applications could make it more difficult to get in. GW admitted about 60 more applicants who applied early-decision compared to last year, but a spokeswoman said the college has not yet determined how many total students will be accepted. And it appears that the applicant pool could be more competitive this year. Of those already admitted, high school GPAs are slightly higher than in last year's class.

Is this an increase in demand or an increase in quantity demanded? There is no wrong answer, just back up your answer with sound economic reasoning.

mauvesalmon81

Shifts in verb tense occur when a writer uses more than one verb tense in a sentence.

- Shifts in verb tense are appropriate if they describe actions that take place in different time frames.

- Shifts are inappropriate if they describe actions that take place in the same time frame-either past, present, or future.

Using Correct Verb Tense

Write A if the verb tense shift is appropriate.

Write I if it is inappropriate.

1. Juan improved his grades, but he still multiplies incorrectly. __________

2. The coach will determine each runner's start time after she instructed us to line up at the starting block. __________

3. After the carpenter measures the wood, he will begin cutting it. __________

4. He stared at the odd-looking dog, laughed out loud, and then feeds it a scrap of meat. __________

5. The politician will campaign in New York after she stops for a rally in Pennsylvania. __________

Rewrite each sentence so that it contains an appropriate shift in verb tense.

6. After she visits the museum and stops for lunch, she shopped for a new hat. __________

7. Before the crowd squeezes into the small concert hall, they lined up outside. __________

8. At the end of the party, Amelia's parents will surprise her with a used car that they fix up like new. __________

Using Correct Verb Tense (Continued)

9. It stuns the audience when the actors started throwing objects at them in the last act. __________

10. After the rabbit vanished, the magician will pull it out of a hat. __________

brownsalmon48

can you please give me a response for this Article(type the anwer)

When a soil dries out, this has a negative impact on the activity of soil bacteria. Using an innovative combination of state-of-the-art analysis and imaging techniques, researchers at UFZ have now discovered that fungi increase the activity of bacteria in dry and nutrient-poor habitats by supplying them with water and nutrients. The ability of fungi to regulate drought stress in soil and thus sustain ecosystem functions is an important insight in the context of climate change.

Many fungi spread through the soil with a fine network of thin filaments known as hyphae. In their search for water and nutrients the hyphae grow in different directions, constantly enlarging the network. Once found, water and nutrients are absorbed and transported through the hyphae, allowing them to be supplied to parts of the fungal network in dry or nutrient-poor areas of the soil. But it isn't only the fungus itself which benefits from the transport of material through the hyphal pipelines: bacteria, too, are kept supplied with the water and nutrients they need to thrive. This has now been demonstrated by a team of UFZ researchers in a study recently published in the journal Nature Communications. "We've suspected for a long time that fungi play an important role in the soil moisture budget," says UFZ environmental biotechnologist Prof. Matthias KÃ¤stner. "Now, using secondary ion mass spectrometry techniques (NanoSIMS and ToF-SIMS) from the ProVIS research platform at UFZ, we've finally obtained experimental evidence."

As part of their investigations, the researchers closely examined the transport of water, substrates and nutrients through the microscopically small hyphae of fungi. They grew the fungi on a culture medium of water, glucose and nitrogen-containing nutrients. The fungal hyphae had to pass through a dry, nutrient-free zone in order to grow through into a new area containing the culture medium. The inhospitable transition zone contained spores of the common soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Spores are inactive stages of Bacillus that form when there is insufficient water, food and nutrients available for bacterial growth. The bacteria go into a kind of dormant stage, from which they only awake once the environmental conditions are more favourable for living again.

In the experiment, these conditions were indeed improved by the growth of the fungi: "As the fungal hyphae grew through the dry zone, the bacterial spores germinated and we noticed clear microbial activity," says UFZ environmental microbiologist Dr. Lukas Y. Wick. "The fungi obviously improved the environmental conditions for the bacteria and woke them from their slumber, like Sleeping Beauty." But what exactly happens at a chemical level when fungal hyphae grow in direct proximity to bacterial spores? To answer this question, the researchers 'labelled' the water, glucose and nitrogen-containing nutrients in the culture medium in advance with stable isotopes. If these substances were transferred from the fungus to the bacteria, they could be detected using the isotopic marker and the NanoSIMS method, with nano-scale spatial resolution. "The NanoSIMS method reveals the distribution of elements and isotops and therefore allows us to observe metabolic processes," KÃ¤stner explains. "As it turns out, we did find the stable isotopes of the labelled water, glucose and nitrogen-containing nutrients in the cell mass of the bacteria -- which could only have come from the fungi."

This study has given the UFZ researchers another important insight into fungi and their important function in soils. Fungi serve as pumping stations and pipelines for water, substrates and nutrients and can colonise inhospitable locations, making them habitable for bacteria -- and thus stimulate microbial activity in the soil. In previous work the researchers have already shown that fungal hyphae act as a kind of fungal highway for bacteria, allowing them to move around, and provide a hotspot for bacterial gene transfer. Wick continues: "The results of this latest study demonstrate once again that, through their interaction with bacteria, fungi play a significant, previously underestimated role in the soil ecosystem."

If a soil is contaminated with pollutants, for example, bacteria can break them down. But if the soil is too dry, the degradation processes will come to a standstill. "If the drought period lasts for a limited time, fungi have a stabilising effect and can keep soil processes going. This could be important specifically with regard to the impacts of climate change, if the ratio of dry to moist areas of soil dramatically increases," says KÃ¤stner. In future investigations, the researchers therefore intend to look even more closely at soil as a true ecosystem. "We want to carry out soil experiments under different environmental conditions and find out what influence fungal growth has on the breakdown of pollutants," says Wick. He adds: "It's important to have a better understanding of the role of fungi in the soil ecosystem. Only when we know how soil works can we respond to changes, for example those caused by climate change, with informed decisions."

CLCV 1008 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Durum, Parks Canada

Document Summary

Get access

Related Documents

ARTH 210 Midterm: mid-term prep

Women's Studies 2161A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Penitential, Immaculate Conception, Missionary Position

ITA200H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Giovanni Pico Della Mirandola, New Latin, Petrarch

Related Questions