ECON 1000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Marginal Revenue, Marginal Cost, Fixed Cost

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whitewasp356

11 Apr 2016

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Profit maximized when a t the level of q where marginal revenue = marginal cost. If price goes up, higher price and can make more. Shutdown: a short-run decision not to produce anything because of market conditions. Exit: a long-run decision to leave the market. If shut down in short run must, must still pay fixed costs (e. g. factory, land) Divide both sides by q: exit if tr/q= p< atc. Similarly, in long run a new firm will enter if profitiable: tr > tc. Divide both sides by q: enter if p > atc. Earning +econ profit (making more than req to cover all costs) New firms will enter, short run market supply shifts right. Incurring loses in sr, some firms will exit, short run market supply shifts left. Costs do not change as other firms enter/ exit market (constant cost of input) Fixed in the short run (due to fixed costs)

Related Questions

4. Decisions made âat the marginâ entail a choice based upon_____________ of a decision.

a. the additional benefits
b. the total costs
c. comparing the total benefits and costs
d. comparing the additional benefits and costs
5. 100 units of Good X are available but individuals desire 500units. ______________ will determine who attains Good X, and whodoes not.

a. A rationing device
b. Opportunity Cost
c. Utility
d. Natural Selection

6. Individuals will continue consuming so long as:

a. The price of a good continues to decrease
b. The marginal costs of consuming are outweighed by the marginalbenefits
c. The individual seeks additional utility
d. The individual is willing and able

8. If the cross-price elasticity of two goods is positive, thenthose two goods are
a. substitutes.
b. complements.
c. normal goods.
d. inferior goods.

11. The basic reason most supply curves are upward sloping isthat:

a. More firms are in the market, therefore more goods areproduced.
b. Because more quantity is being demanded, suppliers raise theprice.
c. Producers face higher opportunity costs when producing higherlevels of quantity, so they must receive a higher price.
d. Producers seek to maximize total revenue.

18. When the price of bubble gum is $0.60, the quantity demanded is500 packs per day. When the price falls to $0.50, the quantitydemanded increases to 900. The demand for gum would beconsidered:

a. inelastic.
b. elastic.
c. unit elastic.
d. perfectly inelastic.

20. Inefficient Production implies which of the following:

a. it is impossible to produce more of one good without producingless of another
b. there are too few resources
c. there are too many resources
d. it is possible to produce more of one good without producingless of another

21. Workers at a bicycle assembly plant currently make minimumwage. If the federal government increases the minimum wage by $1.00an hour it is likely that the

a. demand for bicycle assembly workers will increase.
b. supply of bicycles will shift to the right.
c. supply of bicycles will shift to the left.
d. firm must increase output to maintain profit levels.

24. Suppose at a price of $5 and at a price of $9, John purchases40 units of good X. Given this information, we know that Johnâsdemand for good X is
a. perfectly elastic at all prices.
b. inelastic at all prices.
c. unit elastic between the prices of $5 and $9.
d. perfectly elastic between the prices of $5 and $9.
e. perfectly inelastic between the prices of $5 and $9.

25. If the price of good A decreases by 10 percent and the quantitydemanded of good B decreases by 10 percent, this is evidence that Aand B are
a. substitute goods.
b. complement goods.
c. inferior goods.
d. normal goods.
e. not related.

6. For an individual to achieve consumer equilibrium when consumingtwo goods, A and B, the individual must satisfy the followingcondition:

a. TUA = TUB
b. TUA/PA = TUB/PB
c. MUA = MUB
d. MUA/PA = MUB/PB
e. MUA/PB = MUB/PA

7. Which of the following statements is correct regarding a firm'sdecision making?
a. The decision to shut down and the decision to exit are bothshort-run decisions.
b. The decision to shut down and the decision to exit are bothlong-run decisions.
c. The decision to shut down is a short-run decision, whereas thedecision to exit is a long-run decision.
d. The decision to exit is a short-run decision, whereas thedecision to shut down is a long-run decision.

Table 1

Output Total Cost
0 $20
1 $30
2 $41
3 $51
4 $65
5 $75
6 $84
7 $105

13. Refer to Table 1. The marginal cost of producing the fifth unitof output is
a. $55.00
b. $15.00
c. $9.00
d. $10.00

21. A perfectly competitive firm can produce its current level ofoutput at an average total cost of $10 and a marginal cost of $8.If the market price of the product is currently $8, what should thefirm do?

a. The firm should definitely shut down since average total costexceeds price.
b. The firm should shut down if average variable cost is $8 orgreater, but the firm should continue to produce the current levelof output if average variable cost is less than $8.
c. The firm should increase production in order to increaseprofit.
d. The firm should continue to produce, but it should decreaseproduction in order to increase profit.
24. In the long run all costs are variable. Thus, aprofit-maximizing firm may exit:

a. When Price < Average Total Cost
b. When Price > Average Total Cost
c. When Average Revenue > Average Fixed Cost
d. When Average Revenue > Marginal Cost

25. Marginal cost tells us the
a. value of all resources used in a production process.
b. marginal increment to profitability when price isconstant.
c. amount by which total cost rises when output is increased by oneunit.
d. amount by which output rises when labor is increased by oneunit.

26. For a perfectly competitive firm:
a. marginal revenue is equal to price.
b. price is equal to marginal cost at the output level thatmaximizes profit.
c. selling an additional unit of the good it produces increasestotal revenue by the price of the good.
d. a and b
e. a, b, and c

20) When price is less than average variable cost at the profit-maximizing level of output, a firm should: A) continue to produce the level of output at which marginal revenue equals marginal cost if it is operating in the long run. B) shutdown, because it cannot even cover all of its variable costs let alone its fixed costs if it stays in business. C) shutdown, because it will lose nothing in that case. D) continue to produce the level of output at which marginal revenue equals marginal cost if it is operating in the short run. 21) When price is greater than average variable cost but less than average total cost at the profit-maximizing level of output, a firm should: A) continue to produce the level of output at which marginal revenue equals marginal cost. B) shutdown to minimize its losses. C) reduce output to the level at which price equals average variable cost to minimize its losses. D) increase output to minimize its losses. 22) Assume that at the current market price, a perfectly competitive firm's profit-maximizing level of output yields total revenues that are just equal to total costs. Which of the following statements applies to this firm? A) The firm should increase its explicit costs to reduce its tax burden. B) The firm should shut down right now. C) The firm should continue to operate in the short run to minimize losses, but shut down if things don't improve over the long run. D) The firm is earning zero economic profit and should continue to operate. 23) The perfectly competitive firm's supply curve: A) coincides with its perfectly elastic demand curve. B) is the firm's average total cost curve above the shutdown point. C) is perfectly inelastic at the market price. D) is the firm's marginal cost curve above the minimum point on the AVC curve. 24) Assume there is a decrease in the market demand for a good sold by price-taking firms that are initially producing the profit-maximizing level of output. How will the market adjust over time? A) Firms will exit the market, causing price to rise until losses are eliminated. B) Firms will exit the market, causing price to fall until positive profits are eliminated. C) Firms will enter the market, causing price to fall until positive profits are eliminated. D) Firms will enter the market, causing price to rise until losses are eliminated. 25) What is the "most efficient capacity" for the perfectly competitive firm? A) The plant size for which Price = AR. B) The plant size at which LRAC is at its minimum. C) The plant size at which MR = MC. D) The plant size at which any of the SRATC curves are tangent to the LRAC curve.

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11.) Which statement is false?
A. The minimum point of the AVC curve is the shutdown point.
B. The minimum point of the ATC curve is the breakeven point.
C. The firm's short-run supply curve runs up the marginal cost curve from the shutdown point all the way up the curve.
D. None of these statements are false.
12.) Which statement is false?
A. The firm's short-run supply curve runs along the MC curve from the shutdown point to the break-even point.
B. The MC curve intersects the ATC curve at the latter's minimum point.
C. Total revenue = price x output sold.
D. None of these statements are false.

26.) If the price were $25, this firm would _______ in the short run and _______ in the long run.
A. shut down; stay in business
B. shut down; go out of business
C. operate; stay in business
D. operate; go out of business

22.) If price is above the break-even point, in the short run the firm will _____ and in the long run the firm will _____.
A. shut down; stay in business
B. shut down; go out of business
C. operate; go out of business
D. operate; stay in business

8.) Which statement is true?
A. Because they are the only seller in the industry, the monopolist does not have to lower their price to sell more output.
B. Most firms in the United States are monopolies.
C. Unlike the perfect competitor, the monopolist does not necessarily produce at that output where MC = MR.
D. None of these statements are true.

15.) In the United States, natural monopolies
A. are easily converted to competitive industries.
B. are common in retailing.
C. are commonly regulated by governments.
D. are rarely regulated by governments.

21.) If a monopoly firm can sell its eighth unit of output for a price of $175, it may expect to receive a price __________ in order to sell more than eight units.
A. of more than $175
B. of $175
C. of less than $175
D. of $100

27.) Which statement is true?
A. Since the monopolist is the only firm in the industry, its profit is calculated differently from the way a perfect competitor would calculate profit.
B. The monopolist's demand curve and marginal revenue curve are the same line.
C. In the long run under monopoly, the most efficient output is the most profitable output.
D. A monopolist may lose money in the short-run

ECON 1000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Marginal Revenue, Marginal Cost, Fixed Cost

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