NEUR 3303 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep, Cholinergic, Brainstem
7 Dec 2016
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Pathways with high firing during w and rem but with decreased or no firing during. Reticular activating system --> pons --> thalamus --> cortex. Ras --> dorsal brainstem --> basal forebrain --> cortex. Pathways active in w but are inactive or less active in rem and nrem: cholinergic neurons in hypothalamus feed onto --> hystaminergic neurons --> cortex, ras through glutamate projecting throughout cortex directly, noradrenergic cells, serotonin cells. For wakefulness; targets thalamus (sensory gateway), also targets the entire cortex (frontal) Deep level of brain (pons, medulla, rf) act on other areas of the brain (more dorsal structures) excite the cortex. Inhibitory system that releases exactly activities on the cortex. While we are awake; the cortical activation (e. g. resting state) keeps the neurons on the brink of firing all the time. In sleep, cells are hyper polarized across the brain (very negative) less likely to produce action potential. Rem sleep, ap are actually firing more rapidly than awake (very paradoxical)
