PHIL 2003 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Amos Tversky, Cognitive Bias, Deductive Reasoning
7 Nov 2016
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How we should reason: formal logic, deductive reasoning, probability, etc. How we reason: our reasoning often violates standards of correct reasoning. Tendencies to commit types of cognitive mistake: simpli ed strategies or rules for processing info and making decisions (short cuts) Because they are overly simplistic they can result in false belief. Involves di erent cognitive functions: belief, reasoning, perception, memory. Discovered by daniel khaneman (1934-present) and amos tversky (1937-96) Biases can be used by advertisers, politicians to in uence the public. Our ancestors had to make quick decisions, if they took time to make the best decision they might be killed by predators. Nature selected a set of decision-making procedures despite being ideally rational they were good enough and led to true beliefs that contributed to our survival. These procedures are cognitive bias, they are universal since they are a product of evolution by natural selection.
