PHIL 2003 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Speciesism, Intelligent Design, Judith Jarvis Thomson
16 Dec 2016
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Document Summary
Enumerative induction: x is a raven and x is black, y is a raven and y is black, no non-black ravens have been observed, * all ravens are black. The argument goes from premises about observed instances to a conclusion about the group as a whole or some unobserved raven. Target group or population: refers to the group which the induction is about. Sample: refers to the instances of the group that have been observed (the basis for the induction to the target group) Relevant property: the property we are projecting or generalizing from the sample to the target group. Sample is not representative: ex. b/c the sample was self-selecting . The target group is not very homogeneous re the property being projected. The sample should be representative of the target group: it has all the same relevant characteristics, it has those characteristics int he same proportion that the target group does.
