PSYC 2700 Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Wason Selection Task, Confirmation Bias, Karl Popper
16 Jun 2017
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*all content belongs to jordan richard schoenherr & where cited in lecture slides* Research on thinking generally compares optimal performance (normative model) to what humans usually do (performance or descriptive model) Individuals often use heuristics, cognitive shortcuts that can make performance more efficient: heuristics can lead to error when misapplied. Deductive rules must be obtained from environment. Conclusion of syllogism can be judge either valid or invalid: valid: conclusion follows from premises, invalid: conclusion doesn"t follow from premises. How well ppl judge validity of conclusions can be used as measure of how well ppl can make logical inferences. Logical principles of deductive reasoning: principle 1: if 2 premises true, conclusion of valid syllogism must be true, principle 2: validity of syllogism determined only by its form, not its content. All birds have 4 legs. (although this syllogism contains 2 false premises, logical form = valid) Basic form of deductive reasoning = syllogism: 2 statements (premises), followed by 3rd statement (conclusion)
