PHYL 2041 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Autocrine Signalling, Paracrine Signalling, Cgmp-Dependent Protein Kinase

• School: Dalhousie University
• Department: Physiology
• Course: PHYL 2041
• Professor: Dr. Krueger

Document Summary

Cells communicate via the release of extracellular signaling molecules (hormones and neurotransmitters) that bind to receptor proteins that are located in the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, or nucleus. The signal is then transduced into the activation/inactivation of one + intracellular messengers by interacting with receptors, which will then interact with a variety of intracellular signalling proteins (kinases, phosphatases, and gtp-binding proteins ((cid:862)g p(cid:396)otei(cid:374)s(cid:863)(cid:895)(cid:895). Cells of highe(cid:396) a(cid:374)i(cid:373)als" (cid:396)elease (cid:894)(cid:1005)(cid:895) peptides a(cid:374)d p(cid:396)otei(cid:374)s, (cid:894)(cid:1006)(cid:895) a(cid:373)i(cid:374)es, (cid:894)(cid:1007)(cid:895) ste(cid:396)oid hormones, and (4) small molecules including amino acids, nucleotides, ions, and gases. The secretion of signaling molecules is cell-type specific. Signaling molecule receptor protein intracellular signaling proteins target proteins cellular response. Signalling pathways are characterized by: multiple, hierarchical steps, the amplification of the signal-receptor binding event, which magnifies the response. The ligand activates the intracellular signalling protein, that activates a cascade of activation. (a activates b, b activates c.