ECON-3076EL Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Landing Vehicle Tracked, Payments Canada, Money Multiplier

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turquoisewhale515

28 Feb 2017

School

Laurentian

Department

Economics / Science Èconomique

Course

ECON-3076EL

Professor

Faroque Akhter

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Document Summary

Financial system: transfer of funds from savers to investors, set prices for financial instruments, allow you to hold a diversified portfolio. Financial system = financial market + financial institutions. Banks take savings from households and supplies them to investors. Short term and long term bonds are not substitutes. Lenders prefer short term bonds and borrowers prefer long term: segmented markets theory, expectations theory. Short term and long term are close substitutes. Lenders are indifferent to short term and long term because long term interest rates are the average of all short term rates. Rates set by demand and supply of that bond: liquidity premium (preferred habitat) theory. Lenders are willing to loan for long-term if the rate of the bond is the average of all short plus the liquidity premium for holding on to a bond for a long period. Stocks are riskier than bonds but have the ability to earn higher returns. Bonds are safer but yield lower returns.

Related Questions

5. Plots of the yield curve can be useful for: a. Predicting the future course of inflation b. Predicting the future trends in international trade c. Predicting the future course of interest rates d. Prediction the future policy actions of the Federal Reserve System

6. An upward sloping yield curve means that, a. Short-term interest rates are expected to fall, so that long-term interest rates will be higher than short-term interest b. Short-term interest rates are expected to rise, so that short-term interest rates will be higher than long-term interest c. Short-term interest rates are expected to rise, so that long-term interest rates will be higher than short-term interest d. Short-term interest rates are expected to fall, so that short-term interest rates will be lower than long-term interest

7. Which of the following is NOT a stylized fact about the yield curve. a. The yield curve is generally upward sloping b. The yield curve is generally downward sloping c. The yield curve tends to shift over time d. The yield curve tends tend to predict future economic activity

8. If the Expectations Hypothesis holds true about long-term and short-term bonds being substitutes, then if the U.S. government decides to issue a large stock of long-term bonds, we could expect, a. The yield curve to become steeper b. The yield curve to become flatter c. The yield curve to shift down d. The yield curve to shift up

9. Suppose that businesses believe that the economy is about to expand, then we could expect, a. The yield curve to become steeper b. The yield curve to become flatter c. The yield curve to shift down d. The yield curve to shift up

10. Empirical evidence in US shows that when the spread between long term bonds and short-term bonds is negative (that is: the yield curve slopes downward or is inverted) then __________ is highly possible. a. Higher inflation b. Lower inflation c. A recession d. An economic expansion

11. According to the pure expectations theory of term structure, a flat yield curve is interpreted to mean that, a. Interest rates are expected to rise b. Interest rates are expected to fall c. Interest rates are expected to remain constant d. Interest rates are expected to rise and then to fall e. None of the above

12. Yield curves can be classified as: a. Upward sloping b. Downward sloping c. Flat d. All of the above e. Only (a) and (b)

13. Yield curves can be: a. Steeply upward sloping b. Moderately upward sloping c. Downward sloping d. All of the above e. Only (a) and (b)

14. Typically, yield curves are: a. Gently upward sloping b. Gently downward sloping c. Flat d. Bowl shaped e. Mound shaped

15. When yield curves are steeply upward sloping, a. Long-term interest rates are above short-term interest rates b. Short-term interest rates are above long-term interest rates c. Short-term interest rates are about the same as long-term interest rates d. Medium-term interest rates are above both short-term and long-term interest rates e. Medium-term interest rates are below both short-term and long-term interest rates

16. An inverted yield curve: a. Slopes up b. Is flat c. Slopes down d. Has a U shape e. Has an inverted U shape

17. According to the expectations theory of the term structure, a. The interest rate on long-term bonds will equal an average of short-term interest rates that people expect to occur over the life of the long-term bonds b. Buyers of bonds do not prefer bonds of one maturity over another c. Interest rates on bonds of different maturities move together over time d. All of the above e. Only (a) and (b)

18. According to the expectations theory of the term structure, a. The interest rate on long-term bonds will equal an average of short-term interest rates that people expect to occur over the life of the long-term bonds b. Interest rates on bonds of different maturities move together over time c. Buyers of bonds prefer short-term to long-term bonds d. All of the above e. Only (a) and (b)

19. According to the expectations theory of the term structure, a. When the yield curve is steeply upward sloping, short-term interest rates are expected to rise in the future b. When the yield curve is downward sloping, short-term interest rates are expected to decline in the future c. Buyers of bonds do not prefer bonds of one maturity over another d. All of the above e. Only (a) and (b)

20. According to the expectations theory of the term structure, a. When the yield curve is steeply upward sloping, short-term interest rates are expected to rise in the future b. When the yield curve is downward sloping, short-term interest rates are expected to decline in the future c. Investors have strong preferences for short-term relative to long-term bonds, explaining why yield curves typically slope upward d. All of the above e. Only (a) and (b)

21. According to the expectations theory of the term structure, a. When the yield curve is steeply upward sloping, short-term interest rates are expected to rise in the future b. When the yield curve is downward sloping, short-term interest rates are expected to decline in the future c. Yield curves should be as equally likely to slope downward as slope upward d. All of the above e. Only (a) and (b)

22. According to the expectations theory of the term structure, a. The interest rate on long-term bonds will equal an average of short-term interest rates that people expect to occur over the life of the long-term bonds b. Buyers of bonds do not prefer bonds of one maturity over another c. Yield curves should be as equally likely to slope downward as slope upward d. All of the above e. Only (a) and (b)

23. According to the expectations theory of the term structure, a. The interest rate on long-term bonds will equal an average of short-term interest rates that people expect to occur over the life of the long-term bonds b. Buyers of bonds do prefer short-term to long-term bonds c. Interest rates on bonds of different maturities do not move together over time d. All of the above

24. Assume that over the next two years, the expected path of 1-year interest rates is 4 percent and 1 percent. The expectations theory of the term structure predicts that the current interest rate on 2-year bond is: a. 1% b. 1.5% c. 2% d. 2.5% e. 4%

25. Assume that over the next two years, the expected path of 1-year interest rates is 1 percent and 4 percent. The expectations theory of the term structure predicts that the current interest rate on 2-year bond is: a. 1% b. 1.5% c. 2% d. 2.5% e. 4%

26. Assume that the current 1-year interest rate is 3 percent and the current 2-year interest rate is 2 percent. The expectations theory of the term structure predicts that the interest rate expected on 1-year bonds next year is: a. 1% b. 1.5% c. 2% d. 2.5% e. 4%

harlequinpug540

1-Principal __________________ fall into three categories: depository institutions (banks), contractual savings institutions, and investment intermediaries.

Financial markets security exchanges financial intermediariesâ investment funds

Savings institutions

bitcoin/annuity payments securities/investment advice

2-Deposits that are payable on demand but do not allow their owner to write checks are called _______________.

Restricted deposits savings deposits time sensitive deposits non-checkable deposits demand deposits

3-Deposit with fixed terms to maturity are called ___________.

Relative deposits term deposits fixed deposits restricted deposits time deposits

4-Commercial banks ___________ primarily by issuing checking deposits, savings accounts, and time deposits.

Increase profits decrease cost attract investors raise funds increase assets

5-A type of depository institution that over time has become more like commercial banks and are now more competitive with each other are called ______________ associations and mutual savings banks.

savings and loan contractual savings institutions, investment intermediaries

crowd funding sites deposit and loan

6-Credit unions are typically very small cooperative lending institutions organized around a particular _____________________: members of the same union, employees of a particular firm, and members of the same profession, such as teachers.

Type of investment corporation financial strategy risk avoidance strategy

group that have something in common

7-Insurance companies and pension funds are examples of ________________ institutions.

contractual savings depository institutions (banks), investment intermediaries entrepreneurial at risk

8-Contractual savings institutions (CSIâs) acquire funds at _______________ on a contractual basis.

Estate sales periodic intervals bankruptcy auctions liquidations initial offerings

9-CSIâs do not worry as much as banks about losing funds quickly because they can predict with reasonable accuracy how much they will have to pay out in ___________ in coming years.

Interest payments dividends bank notes benefits IOUâs

10-_______________ is not as important a consideration for CSIâs as it is for banks.

Types of customers adverse selection Liquidity of assets portfolio diversification liabilities

11-CSI investments are typically ____________ such as corporate bonds, stocks, and mortgages.

Short-term securities long-term securities 3-month term securities overnight securities short-term assets

12-Companies that insure people against financial hazards following a death and sell annuities are called ________________________.

Predatory companies over-the-counter companies risky companies life insurance companies depository companies

13-_________________ that people pay to keep their policies in force constitute the funds life insurance companies use to buy corporate bonds and mortgages.

Interest dividends installments late fees Premiums

14-Companies that ___________ their policyholders against loss from theft, fire, and accidents are called fire and casualty insurance companies.

Insure Hold harmless guarantee advise oversee

15-Fire and casualty insurance companies acquire funds through the _________________ for their policies.

Sale of stock liquidation of collection of premiums interest payments dividends

16-Because of the greater possibility of loss of funds if major disasters occur, fire and casualty companies buy more ________________ than life insurance companies do.

Comprehensive insurance liquid assets risky assets corporate insurance bankruptcy insurance

17-Private pension funds and state and local retirement funds provide _______________ in the form of annuities to employees who are covered by a pension plan.

Dividends revenue stock options retirement income loans

18-Pension funds acquire funds from _____________ from employers and employees.

Fees pledges contributions garnishments payroll deductions

19-The largest ______________ of pension funds are corporate bonds and stocks.

Liability holdings asset holdings interest payments dividend payments fees

20-_________________________ include; finance companies, mutual funds and money market mutual funds.

depository institutions (banks), contractual savings institutions, stock markets

bond markets Investment intermediaries

21-Finance companies raise funds by ___________ commercial paper and by ____________ stocks and bonds.

Issuing/selling selling/buying selling/ issuing buying/issuing discounting/shorting

22-Finance companies lend these funds to __________, who make purchases of such items as furniture, automobiles, and home improvements, and to small businesses.

-depository institutions (banks), consumers contractual savings institutions,

investment intermediaries corporations

23-It is common for a finance company to be organized by a parent corporation to help _______________, such as; ford motor credit company.

Diversify its portfolio acquire assets liquidate liabilities sell its product off set profits

24-Selling shares to many individuals and using the proceeds to purchase diversified portfolios of stocks and bonds describes how _______________ acquire funds.

depository institutions (banks), mutual funds contractual savings institutions

stock markets bond markets

25-Shareholders can sell shares at any time but shares are subject to value fluctuations therefore mutual fund investments can be _______.

risky Subject to high returns certain investments interest rate neutral misunderstood

26-Money market funds sell _______ like mutual funds and offer checking accounts like ___________.

Deposits/insurance companies bonds/banks shares/insurance companies

Shares/ banks stock options/crowd sourcing sites

27-Money market funds invest in ________ and very ____________ and interest on these assets is paid out to the shareholders.

High risk/non-liquid junk bonds/risky assets low risk/ liquid assets low risk/junk bonds sub-prime securities/liquid assets

28-Money market funds have experienced extraordinary growth primarily because people like the idea of having a checking account that ____________________.

Has no fees pays them interest offers overdraft protection pays dividends

always has money in it

29-Investment banks help a ______________ issue securities.

Person foreign country stock market corporation bond market

30-Investment banks advises the corporation on which type of ______________ to issue; stocks or bonds.

Insurance loans interest rates dividends products securities

31-Investment banks help sell the corporations securities by purchasing them from the corporation and _______ them in the market.

Discounting re-selling insuring advertising financing

32-Investment banks also act as ___________ and earn enormous fees by helping corporations acquire other companies through mergers or acquisitions.

Depositories money launders deal makers insurance companies entrepreneurs

ECON-3076EL Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Landing Vehicle Tracked, Payments Canada, Money Multiplier

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