FORS-2106EL Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Forensic Anthropology, Soil Compaction, Nuclear Dna
27 Jun 2018
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- This requires someone who is very experiences in skeletal
remains
- Physical, biological anthropologists can be someone that studies
primates, or even fossils that are 3-4 million years old, therefore not
every physical and biological anthropologists will be appropriate
for forensics
- forensic investigations must have a legal context or question to
answer
- people will hold bones up to their body, to see if the size is
approximating a human to know if they should call the police
but the best thing to do is to simply call the police and not touch
the remains
- they may be bear or animal bones
- bones can be found in: tombs, accidental house fires, vehicle fires,
industrial fires, homicidal house fires, homicidal burnings of
bodies
- fresh remains are when the PMI, the period from when people are
killed to the point where they are found *important definition*
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- automobile accidents, ex. highway mass accident
- commingled human remains is when there is a mixture of
remains pertaining to multiple people
- if there is no healing that is seen, the wound did not have time
to heal therefore it was near the time of death, or after, since then
it would not have time to heal (postmortem)
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- If it is animal, the investigation will most likely stop there
- unless they are specific animals, ex. being killed out of season
- forensic significance is the question of finding PMI, about 50 years
is the benchmark therefore if someone died over 50 years ago then
there is usually no investigation since in this case the perpetrator may
already be dead so there is no one to prosecute, but this will be up to
the coroners office
- must find how many people are found within the crime scene,
but usually minimum because there is a possibility of there being more
that have already decomposed or not found within this scene
- there may be remains where the gender cannot be identified
- ancestry is based on evolution
- this is just a benchmark to be a guide, but there is always the
possibility of mixture, therefore you can only state that there are traces
of specific ancestries
- identifying characteristics can include surgeries, parts placed in
surgery can have serial numbers, which can help identify an
individual
- a forensic anthropologists can talk about injuries to bones, but cannot
certainly state cause of death
- antimortem records can be of interest: dental records, dental
x-rays, other x-rays of the body, hip replacements, x-rays done to find
frontal sinuses
- this also depends on conditions of the remains, since sometimes
there is only parts of the body that are found
- some bodies may still have fingerprint ridges
- photographs can help to support identificaiton
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Document Summary
This requires someone who is very experiences in skeletal remains. Physical, biological anthropologists can be someone that studies primates, or even fossils that are 3-4 million years old, therefore not every physical and biological anthropologists will be appropriate for forensics. Forensic investigations must have a legal context or question to answer. Type of cases: found suspected human remains, found human remains: various contexts, fresh, decomposing remains, skeletonized. They may be bear or animal bones. Bones can be found in: tombs, accidental house res, vehicle res, industrial res, homicidal house res, homicidal burnings of bodies. Fresh remains are when the pmi, the period from when people are killed to the point where they are found *important de nition* Commingled human remains is when there is a mixture of remains pertaining to multiple people: large numbers of dead. Assist in identi cation, documentation of scene/ pathology. Excavation, all apsects of id, document scenes, document pathology, etc: assist in recovery/investigation/analysis.
