PSYC-1105EL Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Thematic Apperception Test, High Standard Manufacturing Company, Clark L. Hull
12 Jan 2021
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Do not need external incentives or punishments. Eg. avoid punishment, please someone, reticence reward. Motives - needs, wants, desires leading to goal-directed behaviour. Instinct theories - born with instincts that serve an adaptive function. There is a realm of being which is not sensible to boldly perception but only apprehend by thought or contemplation. Used instinct to explain why animals tended to behave adaptively. Instinct provided the energy, direction, and persistence of behaviour. Physical features and behaviour of animals and humans caused by biological structure. Underlying biological structure constantly changing through natural selection. Rst psychologist to popularize an instinct theory. Humans born with a score of instincts - fear, sociability, cleanliness and love - which underlay all more complex behaviour. Need an appropriate stimulus to translate an instinct into goal-directed behaviour. Used in different ways at different times. Lists grew and grew regarding the number of instincts. Added nothing to the understanding of motivation.
