BIOL 111 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Wolbachia, Disruptive Selection, Allopatric Speciation
5 Jul 2018
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BIOL 111: SPECIATION
What is a species and how do they arise?
3 major species concepts:
-Typological (morphological)
-Biological
-Phylogenetic
Morphological Descriptions:
Typological identification = phenotypic traits
-Sometimes two things within the same species vary morphologically
-Mimicry Rings: particular colour pattern evolved, their biology is what defines
them not their phenotypic traits (e.g. butterflies) *
-Dogs: incredible morphological diversity (German shepherd vs chihuahua)
-Dogs skull shape has the same morphological diversity as all the species in
Carnivora
-Dogs are exploring new morphological space even though they are only 1
species
-Different species look the same
Phylogenetic species concept:
-Reciprocal monophyly
oA species is a discrete lineage propagated, ancestor to descendent
through time
oThey are more related to those in their own group in comparison to any
other lineage
-Can NOT be used for FOSSILS (can’t get DNA), only reflects time and
separation not reproductive barriers
Biological species concept
-Evolution of things that prevent you from breeding with another group
-Who will breed with who?
oMost species will successfully interbreed with one other species (e.g. lions
and tigers, if brought together Ligons and Tigons)
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