Log in
HomeClass Notes1,200,000CA670,000

BIOL 111 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Vertebral Column, Pulmonary Circulation, Appendicular Skeleton

45 views4 pages
School
McGill University
Department
Biology
Course
BIOL 111
Professor
All

For unlimited access to Class Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

ghaniamerabia and 32 others unlocked
BIOL 111 Full Course Notes
44
BIOL 111 Full Course Notes
Verified Note
44 documents

Document Summary

Located on lateral surface of the head. Seem to be ancestral traits in deuterostomes. Respiration in vertebrates: water coming in mouth passes through slits, gills are located between the slits, oxygen and carbon dioxide can be exchanged across a respiratory surface = gills. Bars between the slits = gill arches: bone or cartilage, gill filaments are on the gill arches. Bony fishes have 4 pairs of gill arches. Each arch has pairs of gill filaments. Bony fishes also have a gill cover (operculum) Capillary beds in gill filaments; gas exchange. Filament epithelium is one cell thick (1-2 um) Water and blood flow in opposing directions. Countercurrent exchange = water and blood flow in opposing directions. Blood flow in opposite direction to water flow. Achieves maximum exchanges of gases (o2, co2) Closed circulatory system: arteries (away from heart) arterioles capillaries venules (to heart) veins. Humans: we have a pulmonary circuit (heart lungs heart) and systemic circuit (heart body heart)

Get access

Grade+
$40 USD/m
Billed monthly
Grade+
Homework Help
Study Guides
Textbook Solutions
Class Notes
Textbook Notes
Booster Class
10 Verified Answers
Class+
$30 USD/m
Billed monthly
Class+
Homework Help
Study Guides
Textbook Solutions
Class Notes
Textbook Notes
Booster Class
7 Verified Answers

Related Questions

4.

The chordates share several features which have played asignificant role in the evolution of the phylum. Check all of thefeatures that one would use to exclusively classify members ofChordata and not members of Echinodermata.

a postanal tail during embryonicdevelopment
pharyngeal pouches during embryonicdevelopment
an endoskeleton
a notochord on the dorsal side ofthe gut in the early embryo
deuterostomic development of theembryo

a hollow nerve cord

5.

A number of major evolutionary innovations arose in the fishlineage. Check all of the evolutionary innovations associated withthe fishes.

Teeth arose from the rough scalesof ancestral sharks.
Skeletal developments leading tothe amphibian movement onto land probably evolved from lobe-finnedfishes.
Fish fins are ancestral(homologous) structures to the flippers (forelimbs) ofturtles.
The anterior gill arch formed thebasis for the evolution of the vertebrate jaw.

The swim bladder ultimately led to the evolution of theamphibian urinary bladder.

8.

Select the true statements concerning echinoderms.

They have an exoskeleton made ofhardened calcium carbonate plates.
Echinoderms have radiallysymmetrical larvae that give rise to bilaterally symmetricaladults.
Tube feet are used for locomotionand grasping objects.
Echinoderms are well represented inthe fossil record.

The blastopore of a sea star becomes its anus.

11.

A leafy sea dragon (Phycodurus eques) stays in a fixedposition in the water column as a tourist walks by the display inan aquarium. How is this possible?

The fish counteracts its negativebuoyancy by using its fins.
The fish is essentially hold itsbreath while remaining motionless.
The fish gulps air.

The fish has an operculum and a swim bladder.

15.

The biggest threat to terrestrial life when compared to anaquatic one is

availability of food.
lack of oxygen.
desiccation.

finding mates.

16.

A biologist looking for synapomorphic traits for chordates wouldchoose

segmentation.
possession of a backbone.
possession of an endoskeleton.
indeterminate radial cleavage inthe early embryo.

pharyngeal slits or pouches.

17.

Cartilage and bone contributed to increased size in vertebrates.Evaluate the following statements about these endoskeletal tissuesand determine if they are true or false.

1. A key element of vertebrate bone is a series of dermal ossiclesmade out of calcium carbonate. TrueFalse
2. Bone also contains crystals of a calcium phosphatesalt. TrueFalse
3. Cartilage contains fibers of the proteincollagen. TrueFalse
4. Vertebrate muscles work against bone to provide extraordinarypowers of locomotion. TrueFalse
5. Compared to chitin, bone is much less dynamic and morebrittle. TrueFalse

19.

The breast meat in the bucket of delicious fried chicken isresponsible for

swimming.
flying.
feeding.
jumping.

running.

20.

Whales have truly large body sizes. The only invertebrates thatattain body sizes much larger than humans are giant squids. Whatfeature do whales and giant squids share that allow them to attainsuch large sizes?

Endothermy
Large brains
Highly efficient gills
Internal skeletons