BIOL 115 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Centromere, University Of Manchester, Frameshift Mutation
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23 Jan 2018
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Each nucleotide composed of deoxyribose, phosphate, and nitrogenous base. Nucleotides comprised of ribose, phosphate, and nitrogenous base. 4 bases: a, c, g and uracil. Gene: is a sequence of dna that contains information to make a protein. The dna stores information required to make every protein in the cell. A messenger rna (mrna) extracts this information and delivers it to a ribosome. The ribosome translates the mrna code into a sequence of amino acids. Dna -> rna -> protein and occurs in 2 steps: transcription (dna -> rna, translation (rna -> protein) Transcription occurs in the nucleus (in eukaryotic cells) Rna polymerase binds to the promoter region of the gene. Rna polymerase zips down the length of gene, matching rna nucleotides with complementary dna nucleotides. Transfer rnas (trnas, for each amino acid) Has a small and a large subunit that must work together to build a polypeptide trnas.
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Related Questions
QUESTION 1. Compared to eukaryotic genomes, only prokaryotic genomes:
A. contain DNA organized by histones. |
B. contain usually one, circular chromosome. |
C. contain plasmid DNA. |
D. have chromosomes contained in a nucleus. |
QUESTION 2. Azathioprine is a drug that may be prescribed to transplant recipients to reduce the chance of tissue rejection reactions. In its active state, it acts as a purine analogue, inhibiting DNA biosynthesis. This means that 6-mercaptopurine will be inserted in place of a purine containing nucleotides during DNA replication. Given this drug's mode of action, you would expect it to be incorporated into DNA in place of:
A. nucleotides containing guanine or cytosine. |
B. nucleotides containing adenine or thymine. |
C nucleotides containing adenine or guanine. |
D. nucleotides containing guanine nucleotide or uracil. |
QUESTION 3. RNA is distinguished from DNA because only RNA:
A. typically exists as a single-stranded molecule. |
B. has a 3' to 5' directionality. |
C. is composed of nucleotides that contain the sugar deoxyribose. |
D. is composed of nucleotides that contain the nitrogen bases T, C, G, and A. |
QUESTION 4. How are RNA nucleotides different from DNA nucleotides? To be marked correct, you'll need to select all true statements, as there may be more than one correct answer.
A. RNA nucleotides do not contain thymine. |
B. RNA nucleotides use the sugar ribose, while DNA nucleotides do not. |
C. RNA nucleotides lack phosphate. |
D. RNA nucleotides incorporate pyrimidine nitrogen bases, while DNA nucleotides only incorporate purine nitrogen bases. |