HIST 221 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Atlanta Compromise, Political Consciousness, Settlement Movement
19 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
African American Advancement
We have discussed the process of disfranchisement that took place after
Reconstruction
Segregation, terroristic violence, unequal laws, voting rights
○
"Jim Crow"
○
-
Strategies for "Progress," "Uplift" actively debated by African American reformers
-
Booker T. Washington
Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute was founded in 1868 and becomes the
head called the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama
-
Aimed at helping African Americans at "self-improvement" and economic self-
sufficiency
-
Progress at education, entrepreneurship, community building
-
Tuskegee became the model of industrial and vocational training
Entire institution was built by students (Ex: people were learning how to lay
bricks and then their final exam would be to build something)
○
-
Philanthropic funding (example: Rockefeller)
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"Apostle of accommodation"
Atlanta Compromise (1895) - he created this
Speech he gave at an international cotton exhibition
§
This time period is the high of lynching and almost no one can vote in
the South
§
○
-
W.E.B. Du Bois, Niagara Movement
Opposition to B.T. Washington's approach
Thought that his approach was perpetuating slavery under a different name
○
-
Niagara movement formed 1905
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Emphasis on Civil Rights, esp. political rights
-
Led to the creation of the NAACP in 1909
"To promote equality of rights and to eradicate caste or race prejudice among
the citizens of the united States; to advance the interest of coloured citizens;
to secure for them impartial suffrage; and to increase their opportunities for
securing justice in the courts, education for the children, employment
according to their ability and complete equality before the law."
Role of radicals, Jews
§
Active role played by women
§
○
-
Based on legal rights, not community support
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Ida B. Wells
Civil rights activism - 1884 train seat
On a train to Tenesse and the black women's car is full so she goes to first class
and get kicked out by the conductor
○
-
Teacher - journalist, newspaper editor, public speaker
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Investigative reporting on lynching
Racial terrorism, community control
○
Shows how lynching is motivated by economic differences between the two
races in the south
○
-
Forced to leave the South
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Founded National Association of Coloured Women's Clubs ('96)
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Becomes disillusioned with women's suffrage and activism
Public rights with WCTU for not opposing lynching segregation
○
Treatment by white suffrage groups
○
Told that Ida and her friends have to walk in the back of the parade because
they do not want to alienate white Southern women
○
-
Urban reform in Chicago for black residents
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Socialist Party of America
Third party alternative
-
Founded in 1901 out of various radical factions
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Some former Populists, but more urban
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Ethnically diverse, but not dominated by any one immigrant group
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Radical vision of economic restructuring, wealth distribution
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Equal rights platform
-
Different strains
Municipal reformers "gas and water socialists"
○
Militant labour unionism (especially in the West)
○
-
Eugene Debs
Labour organizer
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Radicalized by Homestead and Pullman strikes
Jailed in the wake of Pullman
○
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Influenced by Marx
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Emphasis on "cooperative commonwealth" and working through the political system
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SPA ran debs for US President 5 times (received almost 6% of popular vote in 1912)
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Emphasizes that socialism is the inheriter of the revolution
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IWW - Industrial Workers of the World ("Wobblies")
Established in 1905
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"One Big Union" emphasis on organizing workers as a "social class" and "abolition of
the wage system" itself
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Legacies of Socialism
Socialism party is "dead" by 1921
-
Socialism had a significant influence on Progressive Era
Makes it more radical
1912: 1200 socialists in elected office in 340 municipalities
§
Mayors: Milwaukee, Berklee, Butte
§
○
Political and periodical culture
300 newspapers and magazines circulated around 2 million
§
○
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Cross-ethnic and cross-gender cooperation
Helen Keller
○
Labour movement
○
African Americans, new immigrants
○
-
Causes an enormous backlash against settlement house workers and wealthy people
(elites, social workers, teachers, etc.)
Sees socialism as something that takes progress off the rails
○
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Radicalism/Progress
Political consciousness about
Interconnectedness and interdependency
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Ethnic heterogeneity
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Changing gender roles
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Ideas about environmental effects
○
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Source for progressivism
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Source for radical political ideas
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Source for middle class identity
Increasing segregation for inner cities
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Anthropoligical distance
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Professionalization of politics, services
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Progressivism
An era of shifting, ideologically fluid, issue-focused coalitions all competing for the
reshaping of American society
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Increased activism, political mobilization around social issues, rhetoric of democracy
and uplift
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Lecture 10 -Top-down Uplift Continued
Monday, January 29, 2018
9:30 AM
Document Summary
We have discussed the process of disfranchisement that took place after. Strategies for progress, uplift actively debated by african american reformers. Hampton normal and agricultural institute was founded in 1868 and becomes the head called the tuskegee institute in alabama. Aimed at helping african americans at self-improvement and economic self- sufficiency. Tuskegee became the model of industrial and vocational training. Entire institution was built by students (ex: people were learning how to lay bricks and then their final exam would be to build something) Speech he gave at an international cotton exhibition. This time period is the high of lynching and almost no one can vote in the south. Thought that his approach was perpetuating slavery under a different name. Led to the creation of the naacp in 1909. On a train to tenesse and the black women"s car is full so she goes to first class and get kicked out by the conductor.
